CA2372931A1

CA2372931A1 - Oleoresin of hypericum perforatum l., method for obtaining said oleoresin and the use thereof

Info

Publication number: CA2372931A1
Application number: CA002372931A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Eliseo Quintanilla Almagro; Ana Ramirez Bosca; August Abernd; Jose Pardo Zapata; Joaquin Diaz Alperi; David Pamies Mira; Miguel Angel Carrion Gutierrez
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: ASAC Cia Biotecnologia e Investigacion SA
Priority date: 2000-03-06
Filing date: 2001-03-02
Publication date: 2001-09-13
Also published as: EP1175908A1; US20020197337A1; ES2159270A1; WO2001066121A1; ES2159270B1; JP2003525904A; US6699512B2; AU3744601A

Abstract

The invention concerns an oleoresin of Hypericum perforatum L., a method for obtaining said oleoresin and the use thereof. The invention describes a time-stable oleoresin of Hypericum perforatum L. in hyperforin and hypericin content without adding preservatives. The invention also relates to a method for obtaining said oleoresin by means of extraction using low polarity solvents and subsequent purification. The invention further describes its use as regulator of the components of the extracellular matrix and its use in the production of water-soluble gels containing oleoresin of Hypericum perforatum L.

Description

OLEORESIN OF HYPERICUM PERFRORATUM L., METHOD FOR
OBTAINING SAID OLEORESIN AND THE USE THEREOF
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention describes an oleoresin or lipidic extract of Hypericum perforatum L., which contains hypericine and is enriched with hyperforins, and is stable over time without adding stabilisers. The extract is obtained, by extraction with low-polarity solvents and then purification by re-extraction with alcanols-water. The invention describes the use of the oleoresin to regulate the components of the extra-cellular matrix in a dose dependent manner.
The invention also relates to hydrosoluble gels, the active ingredient of which is Hypericum perforatum L., to be used as cicatrizants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Hypericum perforatum L has long been used by popu-lar medicine as a cicatrizant and in the treatment of burns.
The chemical species present in Hypericum perfora tum L include acilfloroglucinols: hyperforins and adhyperforins; Hypericum perforatum also contains naptodiantrones: hypericine and pseudohypericine. These compounds are responsible for the activity of the extracts in the treatment of wounds and scars, but these products are unstable when attempting to obtain them in pure form, and over time they decompose due to the effect of light and heat.
European patent EP0854726 describes obtaining sta-ble Hypericum perforatum L extracts by adding anti-oxidant preservatives such as ascorbic acid, cysteine and/or glutathione, extracting the plant with organic solvents or alcohol-water mixes.

On the other hand, the pharmaceutical formulations described in state of the art DE2406452 are ointments containing an active ingredient consisting of fresh Hypericum leaves and oily excipients (olive oil, bees wax, fatty acid esters, etc.), providing a lipophylic ointment that is insoluble in water.
However, these oily formulations lead to a macera tion of the skin after prolonged use, and have a re duced bioavailability making it difficult to wash the lesions, and therefore to monitor their condition.
As mentioned earlier, Hypericum perforatum L ex-tracts have shown different pharmacological activities, mainly as cicatrizants, but to date their effect on the modulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibroblasts. The collagen components are therefore responsible for the mechanical properties of the skin, whereas tenascine is responsible for the regulation of the adhesion molecules and migration in cicatrisation processes.
The technical problem of the invention is provid-ing stabilised extracts of Hypericum perforatum L., without adding stable preservatives, without losing its active ingredients and preserving its pharmacological properties. Moreover, its use in a hydrosoluble and stable pharmaceutical composition containing Hypericum perforatum L extract enriched in hyperforins to avoid the maceration of the skin iuat takes place with treat-ment with lipophylic ointments and creams, improving bioavailability and the evaluation of the lesions.
SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Surprisingly, the invention is bases on the sta-bility of the lipidic extracts of Hypericum perforatum L., which contain all its natural components: hyperfo-rips and hypercins, in a lipidic matrix, and are stable over time without adding preservatives. The lipidic extracts or oleoresins are obtained with low-polarity solvents capable of extracting the lipidic components of the drug, followed by purification by re-extraction with alcanols-water.
The extracts have more than loo content in hyper-forins and more than 0.5% in hypericines, in a lipidic matrix that stabilises the active ingredients of Hy-pericum perforatum L.
The extracts have shown a dose-dependent activity in the regulation of the production of the components of the extracellular matrix, thus avoiding the possible toxicity of the product by inhibiting the production of collagen and tenascine at high doses and, on the other hand, avoiding the formation of hypertrophic and che-loid scars.
The aforementioned extracts can be used in pharma-ceutical preparations such as hydrosoluble gels as cicatrizant agents that improve bioavailability, pre-vent the maceration of the skin, and improve the appli cation of the product compared with the formulations described by the state of the art based on oily or lipophylic excipients. Moreover, with hydrosoluble gels it is possible to better monitor the lesions, since they are transparent.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is based on the stability of Hyperi cum perforatum L extracts, characterised by the pres ence of hypericine and hyperforins in a lipidic matrix.
The extracts are obtained first by the extraction of Hypericum perforatum L with a low-polarity solvent, followed by re-extraction with hot alcohol-water mixes, obtaining a fluid oleoresin with over 10% content in hyperforins and more than 0.5°s content in hypericines.

The fluid Hypericum perforatum L oleoresins ob-tained by extraction with low-polarity solvents, fol-lowed by hot mixes of alcanols with low molecular weight and water, have been seen to be stable, without losing their hyperforin content due to the effect of light and temperature. The hyperforin content after one year of storage at 40°C, exposed to the light and room temperature, has shown a hyperforin content of 15%.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention to pre pare the extract, the Hypericum perforatum L is ex tracted at a low temperature with solvents with a polarity below 0.6. The solvent to be used is not critical, and different mixes can be employed.
The plant is extracted in the proportion of one part drug to 6 parts solvent, by maceration for 24 hours at a temperature less than or equal to 20°C. It is then filtered and the drug is extracted again by maceration for 24 hours, and so on until extraction is complete.
The extracts in liquid form are concentrated to obtain a bland and fluid syrup, by high vacuum and a temperature below 40°C.
The bland fluid syrup is purified by dissolution in an alcanols-water mix and filtered, preferably using alcohols of low molecular weight, such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. The solution is prepared at 40-50°C, filtered and concentrated at reduced pressure, obtaining a fluid oleoresin.
With this extraction procedure, the oleoresins ob tamed have a high content in hyperforins of 10-15% and a content in hypericines of 0.5%, stable over time, determined by chromatographic or spectrophotometric techniques . In order, to optimise the extraction proce dure, additional steps can be added, such as selecting the initial raw materials with a hyperforin content of over 2%, dehydration of the raw materials at a tempera-ture below 35°C, cryogenisation of the plant, etc.
On the other hand, according to the invention, hy drosoluble gels are obtained that facilitate the re 5 lease of liposoluble Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin, permitting diffusion between the structures of the corneal layer, obtaining more bioavailability than the oily solutions. These hydrosoluble gels contain dilut ant, humidifying, gelifying, emulsifying and preserva tive agents.
In one way of embodying the invention, the pre-servatives are dissolved in water and the Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin is dissolved in the emulsifiers.
This mix is added to the preservatives dissolved in water, followed by the slow addition of the humidifying and gelifying agents, avoiding the occlusion of air.
Preferably water is used as a dilutant, glycerine as a humidifier, glyceril palmitate as a gelifier, parabenes as preservatives and PEG-40-hydrogenated Castor Oil, Polysorbate-20 and Octoxinole-11 as emulsi fiers.
The preferred proportions for the invention are as follows:
Hypericum oleoresin 0.1-0.5 Water 60 - 80%
Glycerine and glyceril Polyacrilate 20 - 30%
PEG-40-Hydrogenated castor oil, Polysorbate-20 y Octoxinole-11 1 - 3%
Parabenes 0.2 - 0.4%
Hypericum oleoresins regulate the production of the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen and tenastin, but surprisingly, this regu-lation is dose-dependent.
Hypericum perforatum L oleoresins at low concen-trations (0.5-1 ~,g/ml) increase the production by 70%
of the synthesis of collagens in fibroblast cultures, but at concentrations greater than 5 ~.g/ml, collagen synthesis is inhibited, avoiding the possible toxicity of the product and avoiding the formation of hypertro-phic or cheloid scars.
According to the results obtained in the inven tion, the production of tenascine decreases after the treatment of the fibroblasts with Hypericum oleoresin for 24 h at 37°C in a dose-dependent manner.
Following is a description of the invention using characteristic examples, to which the scope of the invention is not limited.
Example 1. Illustrating the procedure for obtain-ing oleoresins from Hypericum perforatum L.
100 kilos of dehydrated Hypericum perforatum L
flowers and leaves, at less than 35° C and with a hyperforin content of greater than 2%, are macerated with 600 litres of methylene chloride: acetone (50:50) for 24 hours at 20°C. This process is repeated 3 more times until extraction is complete. The liquid extracts are concentrated in a vacuum and at a temperature below 40°C to obtain 8 kilos of a bland fluid syrup. The previous extract is solubilised in a 100 litre mix of ethanol: water (60:40) at 50°C by stirring for 2 hours and it is purified by filtering through a 5 micrometers membrane. The filtrate is of reduced concentration and obtains a hot fluid oleoresin that changes to paste form when cooled. This obtains 7.5 kilos of Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin with a hyperforin content of 140 and a hypericine content of 0.6%.
Example 2. Illustrating the stability of the extracts.
1.- Stability at room temperature T= 0 Hyperforin Adhyperforin Total Hyperforins Extract 7.7% 7.3% 15%
A

Extract 7.1% 6.7% 13.8%
B

Extract 7.7% 7.2% 14.9%
C

Extract 0.6% 0.4% 1%
D

T=12 months at 25°C
Hyperforin Adhyperforin Total Hyperforins Extract 7.4% 7.2% 14%
A

Extract 8.6% 7.0% 15.6%
B

Extract 7.2% 7.5% 14.9%
C

Extract 0.1% 0.1% 0.2%
D

Where extracts A, B and C are Hypericum perforatum L oleoresins obtained according to the invention and extract D is a Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin ob-tained by extraction with ethanol, water (50:50).
The content in hyperforin was determined by HPLC.
2.- Stability at 40°C
T=0 Hyperforin Adhyperforin Total Hyperforins 7.7% 7.,3% 15%

T= 12 months at 40°C
Hyperforin Adhyperforin Total Hyperforins 7.2% 6.9% 14.1%

3.- Stability in the presence of light T=0 Hyperforin Adhyperforin Total Hyperforins 7.7% 7.3% 15%

T=12 Subjected to natural light Hyperforin Adhyperforin Total Hyperforins 9% 6.8% 15.8%

4.- Conclusion Hypericum perforatum L oleoresins obtained accord-ing to the invention are stable and the hyperforin content is not decreased with either temperature or light.
Example 3.- Illustrating the regulation of the production of the components of the extracellular membrane.
Cellular cultures.
The fibroblasts were obtained from surgical mate rial. The skin samples were pre-incubated for 2 hours at 40°C in RPMI 1640 with 2~ penicillin/streptomycin.
The fatty tissues were eliminated and the skin was cut into small pieces and fixed to culture dishes dampened with foetal calf serum (FCS). The pieces of skin were incubated at 37°C in a C02 atmosphere in RPMI with 10%
FCS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The culture medium was changed twice a week. The fibroblast culture was trypsinised (trypsin/EDTA: 0.0%/0.02%) and a sub-culture was started, using the cells from the 4th to the 14th Collagen synthesis.
The human fibroblasts were grown in microplates for cell tissues. Each plate was inoculated with 10,000 cells in 100 ~,1 of RMPI medium supplemented with FCS
(10%) and ascorbic acid (50 ~,1/ml) . After 24 hours of incubation in a humid C02 atmosphere at 5%, the culture medium was changed for 100 ~1 of fresh medium per plate containing different concentrations of the extract to be analysed and 1~, Ci 3H of marked proline. After 24 hours of incubation, the collagen was extracted from each plate by adding 100 ~,1 of 1M acetic acid that contained 1 mg/ml of pepsin and stored at 4°C through-out the night. The content of the plates was trans-. ferred to polypropylene tubes to which 800 ~.l of 0.5M
acetic acid containing a neutral soluble rat skin collagen salt (200 ~,l) as a dilutant, was added. The tubes were centrifuged at 4000 g for 20 minutes. The collagen was precipitated from the supernatant by adding 250 ~1 of NaCl in acetic acid (25%) per tube.
After 2 hours, the tubes were centrifuged at 4000 g for 30 minutes, the precipitates were re-dissolved in 300 ~1 0.15 M NaCl in 0.05 M tris-HC1, pH 7.5. The collagen was precipitated by adding 2 ml of 4.5 M NaCl in the same buffer. After 2 hours, the tubes were centrifuged at 4000 g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was discarded and the collagen precipitates were washed in 2 ml of 2%
ethanol and centrifuged at 4000 g for 30 minutes.
Finally, each precipitate was dissolved in 250 ~l of acetic acid 0.5 M, taken to a scintillation vial and measured in a liquid scintillation counter with an external standard.
The percentage of incorporation of collagen for different concentrations of oleoresin are showed as follows. The value indicated is the average from 4 parallel experiments.
% of incorporation of H3-proline in the collagen.
CONTROL 100%
0.1% Ethanol 126%
0.01 ~g/ml 120%
0.1 ~g/ml 115%
0.5 ~g/ml 130%
1 ~g/ml 170%
5 ~g/ml 20%

10 ~g/ml 10%
50 ~g/ml 20%
Tenascine The fibroblasts were grown on microplates with a density of 20,000 cells per plate in RPMI medium with-out FCS. After 24 hours at 37°C in a 5~ C02 atmosphere, the culture medium was changed. The cells were incu-bated for 48 hours more at 37°C with different concen-trations of oleoresin. The cells were washed three times with PBS with 1% BSA and 0.1% Tween 20. The cells were fixed with a methanol/acetone solution (1:1), washed 3 times as described above, and incubated with a 5 monoclonal anti-tenascine antibody for 1 hour at 37°C.
After washing, the cells were incubated with a mono-clonal anti-mouse goat antibody with alkaline phospha-tase. The cells were washed 3 times and incubated with p-nitrophenyl phosphate (1 mg/ml) for 15 minutes. The 10 microplates were centrifuged at 200 g and 100 ~l of the supernatant were transferred to a new microplate. The plates were read in an ELISA reader at 405 nm.
The percentage of the tenascine content compared to the control for different concentrations of oleores ins is shown as follows, where the values are the average from 3 experiments.
de tenascine compared to the control.
CONTROL 100%
0.1% Ethanol 115%
0.1 ~g/ml 90%
0.5 ~g/ml 60%
1 ~g/ml 50%
5 ~g/ml 40%
10 ~g/ml 30%
~g/ml 20%
Example 4.- Illustrating the results obtained by the hydrosoluble Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin gel 20 in the cicatrizant.
Product A.- Hydrosoluble gel with a content of 0.1% of Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin.
Product B.- Hydrosoluble gel with a content of 0.5% of Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin.
Group 1.- 12 patients with dermatological pathol-ogy requiring removal by electric scalpel, liquid nitrogen or laser, with no need for sutures. The burns are treated clinically.
Group 2.- Patients with dermatological disease requiring removal and surgical closure with sutures.
Wounds treated clinically.
Group 1 results l: Surgical burns.
48-hour control.
Pain Erythema Infection Crust Product A Slight Slight No Yes Product B Moderate Slight Slight Yes 7-day control.
Pain Erythema Infection Crust Product A No No No HGT

Product B No No No GNT

GNT: Normal granulation tissue.
HGT: Haemorrhagic granulation tissue.
15-day control.-In both groups, no hypertrophic or cheloid scars were observed.
Group 2 results: surgical wounds.
48-hour control.
Pain Erythema Infection Crust Suture Product Moderate Moderate Slight Ini- Normal A tial Product Moderate Moderate Moderate No Normal B

7-day control Pain Erythema Infection Crust Suture Product No No No Yes Remo-A ved Product No No No Yes Remo-B ved 15-day control.
No hypertrophic or cheloid scars were observed.
Conclusions.

~

- Cicatrizant effect - The products have been well tolerated and nei ther inflammation or infection has appeared.
- There are no collateral effects - There is no hypertrophic scarring The lesions are easily monitored without remov-ing the product.
- No maceration of the skin was observed.

Claims

13

1. Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin containing no less than 10% of hyperforin and no less than 0.5% of hypericines, characterised in that it does not contain preservatives and the hyperforin does not decrease over time.

2. Procedure for preparing a Hypericum perforatum L
oleoresin with a stable hyperforin content, character-ised in that it consist of:
a) Extraction of the Hypericum perforatum L with one or several organic solvents with polarity less than 0.6.
b) Evaporation of the solvent.
c) Dissolution of the primary extract obtained in the previous steps with alcanol-water mixes at 40-50°C, followed by filtration.
d) Evaporation of the solvent at low pressure.

3. Procedure for obtaining an oleoresin in accordance with claim 2, characterised in that the alcanols used in the purification of the extract are methanol, etha-nol or isopropanol.

4. Procedure for obtaining a Hypericum perforatum L
resin in accordance with claims 2 and 3, characterised in that the alcanol mixes are ethanol: water (60:40)

5. Procedure for obtaining a Hypericum perforatum L
oleoresin in accordance with any of claims 2, 3 and 4, characterised in that the plant is dried at under 35°C.

6. Procedure for obtaining a Hypericum perforatum L
oleoresin in accordance with any of claims 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterised in that the content in hyperforins in the plant is over 2%.

7. Use of a Hypericum perforatum oleoresin in accor-dance with any of claims 1 to 6, to prepare a drug to regulate the production of the components of the extra-cellular matrix in human fibroblasts.

8. Use of a Hypericum oleoresin in accordance with any of claims 1 to 6, to manufacture a drug to regulate collagen production.

9. Use of a Hypericum oleoresin in accordance with any of claims 1 to 6 to manufacture a drug to regulate tenascine production.

10. Hydrosoluble gel usable as a cicatrizant, charac-terised in that it contains as an active ingredient a Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin, dilutant agents, gel formers, emulsifiers and preservatives.

11. Hydrosoluble gel in accordance with claim 10, characterised in that the dilutant is water.

12. Hydrosoluble gel in accordance with claim 11, characterised in that the gelifying agent is glyceril polyacrilate.

13. Hydrosoluble gel in accordance with claim 11, characterised in that the humidifying agent is glycer-ine.

14. Hydrosoluble gel in accordance with claim 11, characterised in that the emulsifying agents are PEG-40-hydrogenated castor oil, polysorbate-20 and/or octoxinole-11.

15. Hydrosoluble gel in accordance with claim 11, characterised in that the preservative agents are parabenes.

16. Procedure for obtaining a hydrosoluble gel in accordance with claims 10 to 15, characterised in that it consists of:
a) Dissolution of the Hypericum perforatum L oleoresin in the emulsifiers.
b) Dissolution of the preservatives in water.
c) Incorporation of the mixture of the Hypericum oleo-resin and the emulsifiers in the preservative solu-tion.
d) Incorporation into the previous mix of the humidi-fier and the gelifying agent, with stirring.