CN102572097B - 使用状态认知的手持电子设备 - Google Patents

使用状态认知的手持电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102572097B
CN102572097B CN201110409363.7A CN201110409363A CN102572097B CN 102572097 B CN102572097 B CN 102572097B CN 201110409363 A CN201110409363 A CN 201110409363A CN 102572097 B CN102572097 B CN 102572097B
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China
Prior art keywords
user
communication
equipment
cognition
factor
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201110409363.7A
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English (en)
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CN102572097A (zh
Inventor
B·弗伦
L·纳赫曼
K·戴尔帕斯卡
W·马奇
J·C·纽曼
R·C·沙哈
J·A·沙哈布迪恩
J·希利
S·舒伯拉玛尼安
G·拉法
A·艾赛安
J·黄
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Intel Corp
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Intel Corp
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Application filed by Intel Corp filed Critical Intel Corp
Publication of CN102572097A publication Critical patent/CN102572097A/zh
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Classifications

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    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2250/00Details of telephonic subscriber devices
    • H04M2250/52Details of telephonic subscriber devices including functional features of a camera

Abstract

本发明公开了一种使用状态认知的手持电子设备。通过状态认知,手持通信设备可确定用户的位置、活动、和/或身体或情绪状态。该信息进而可用于各种目的,诸如:1)确定如何提示用户有传入通信;2)确定使用哪种格式来与用户通信;以及3)确定如何将用户的状态呈现给另一用户的通信设备。

Description

使用状态认知的手持电子设备
本申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2010/037946、于2011年10月31日进入中国国家阶段、国家申请号为“201080020024.3”、题为“使用状态认知的手持电子设备”的专利申请的分案申请。
背景技术
手持电子通信设备具有多种缺点。例如,提示用户有传入通信的方法可能不适合于用户的情况,而且用户可能忘记针对该情况设置该方法。例如,手机在影剧院里响铃会是不合适的,而手机在手袋里振动可能不起作用。此外,通信可能以若干种不同形式(例如语音、文本、图形)进行,且优选方法取决于用户当时的状态。另一缺点是,想要与用户通信的人无法获知该用户的状态,因此不知道哪种通信方法会是最佳的,或是否应当将通信推迟直到另一时刻。常规通信设备无法自动作出这些选择,因为它们无法确定相关信息。
附图简述
通过参照以下描述和用于示出本发明实施例的附图可以理解本发明的一些实施例。在附图中:
图1示出根据本发明实施例的用于无线通信的多功能手持用户设备。
图2示出根据本发明实施例的执行状态认知的方法的流程图。
图3示出根据本发明实施例的提示用户有传入通信的方法的流程图。
图4示出根据本发明实施例的改变传入通信的格式的方法的流程图。
图5示出根据本发明实施例的呈现在设备的显示器上的选择矩阵。
图6和7示出根据本发明实施例的对用户状态的图形描绘的示例。
图8示出根据本发明实施例的将用户状态通知另一人的方法的流程图。
具体描述
在以下描述中,陈述了众多特定细节。然而,应该理解本发明的实施例可在没有这些特定细节的情况下实施。在其它情况下,没有详细示出公知的电路、结构和技术,以免使本说明书的理解不清楚。
对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“示例实施例”、“各实施例”等的引用表示所描述的本发明的实施例可包括特定的特征、结构或特性,但并非每个实施例都必须包括那些特定的特征、结构或特性。此外,一些实施例可具有关于其它实施例描述的特征中的一些、全部或不具有这些特征。
在以下描述和权利要求书中,可使用术语“耦合”和“连接”及其派生词。应当理解,这些术语并不意图作为彼此的同义词。相反,在特定实施例中,“连接”用于指示两个或多个元件相互直接物理或电气接触。“耦合”用于指示两个或多个元件彼此合作或相互作用,但它们之间可能或可能不具有介入的物理或电气部件。
如权利要求书中所使用,除非另外指明,否则用于描述普通元件的序数词“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅仅指示引用了类似元件的不同实例,而不旨在暗示如此描述的这些元件必须在时间上、空间上、按等级或按任意其它方式呈给定顺序。
本发明的各实施例可以硬件、固件、软件中的一个或其任意组合实现。本发明还可被实现为包含在机器可读介质内或之上的指令,这些指令可由一个或多个处理器读取和执行以实现本文所描述操作的执行。计算机可读介质可包括用于以由一个或多个计算机可读形式来存储信息的任意机构。例如,计算机可读介质可包括有形存储介质,诸如但不限于只读存储器(ROM);随机存取存储器(RAM);磁盘存储介质;光存储介质;闪存设备等。
术语“无线”可用于描述通过使用经调制的电磁辐射经由非固态介质来传递数据的电路、设备、系统、方法、技术、通信信道等。无线设备可包括至少一个天线、至少一个无线电装置以及至少一个处理器。该无线设备还可包含其它部件,用于提供各种其它类型的功能。
在本文档的各部分中,可能使用术语“情况”、“情境”和“状态”以及那些术语的派生词。在本文档中,这些术语具有特定含义。“情况”属于外部状况,即由设备中的各种传感器所收集、或基于那些传感器的输入推断出的关于设备外部状况的信息。传感器输入可包括通过无线电通信、相机、话筒、运动和/或取向传感器、光传感器、温度传感器等收集的信息。那些状况可能受用户动作影响,但一般而言,情况分析不会直接考虑用户的动作,仅考虑所感测到的指示设备外部状况的输入。“情况认知”涉及对情况的分析以确定可能有用的因素。
“情境”与以下的一项或多项有关系:用户在何处、用户正在做什么和/或未来将要做什么以及用户的偏好。这可能包括考虑设备正在做什么(设备当前的操作模式、正被运行的应用等)。情境还可考虑历史因素,诸如过去的行为、反应、以及以前在相似状况下所做出的决定。因为用户动作有时可能包括对环境因素的考虑,所以情况和情境有时会交迭。例如,监视用户的生理状态(体温、压力水平、呼吸等)可能被视为情况(设备外部的状况),但也可能被视为情境(用户正在做什么或用户可能在做什么)。“情境认知”涉及对情境的分析以确定可能有用的因素。
术语“状态”由情况、情境或这二者组成。因此,状态认知可能包括情境认知、情况认知或这二者。在情况认知、情境认知以及状态认知中,被考虑的因素可能限于被视为相关或潜在相关的那些因素。另一方面,当未指定特定结果或特定类型信息时,所有因素可能都被视为潜在相关,且在一些实施例中,该设备可按照持续方式监测或处理这些因素,即使并非立刻需要这些因素。
图1示出根据本发明实施例的用于无线通信的多功能手持用户设备。示出所示设备110具有各种部件,诸如触摸屏(触敏显示屏)120和按钮A、B以及C。还示出了另一输入/输出功能130,取决于各实施例,该另一输入/输出功能130可提供各种类型的功能,诸如但不限于:1)另一按钮;2)相机透镜;3)话筒;4)其它。也可包括其它按钮、传感器、输出设备等,但并未示出它们以避免该图中过于混乱。
尽管所示设备110被描述为具有特定形状、比例和外观且按钮位于特定位置,但这仅仅是作为示例,且本发明的实施例可能不限于该特定的物理构造。例如,在一些实施例中,这些按钮可能具有与所示不同的大小和/或不同形状、可能位于设备同一侧的其它位置或位于设备的不同侧,等等。它们可能还具有不同颜色。在一些实施例中,设备110的整体形状可能与所示不同。设备110还可包括用于无线通信、用于各种可视、音频和物理输入以及用于各种可视、音频和物理输出的功能。
状态分析和认知
基于情境认知可推断出关于用户的许多内容。例如,如果设备正在执行需要用户介入的交互操作(例如输入文本、选择菜单选项、拍照、滚动所存储的照片等),则可设想用户与该设备在同一地点并正在参与该操作。如果设备正在无线接口上发送和接收语音通信,则可设想用户正在使用该设备作为电话进行无线语音通信。许多需要用户动作的此类行为暗示用户正在握持该设备,且可通过该设备立即联系到该用户。
其它情境行为可能暗示该用户的存在和介入,但置信度较低。例如,如果该设备正在播放音乐或视频,则可设想该用户可能正在聆听或观看,但有时该用户可能离开该设备几分钟却没有暂停或关掉音乐或视频。如果用户几分钟前发送了电子邮件,则用户可能仍占有该设备,但也可能已经放下该设备并走开。如果用户已长时间未与该设备交互,则情境认知可能几乎不提供关于用户正在做什么的证据。没有直接用户输入(按按钮、触摸触摸屏、对话筒说话等)的时间段越长,则用户仍在介入相同操作的可能性越小,而且用户仍与设备处于同一地点的可能性越小。
内部时间和日程安排操作也可提供情境信息。例如,与来自设备内部时钟和日历的当前时间/日/月/年组合的日程安排程序可能指示用户应当处于特定地点且进行特定动作。当然,这不能单独表明用户实际遵循了他的日程表,且可能需要更多信息来证实。
情况认知可能比情境认知更复杂,因为环境对用户的影响可能更加不明确。该设备可能具有多个传感器,这些传感器允许设备确定该设备外部正在发生什么。这些传感器可包括但不限于诸如以下事物之类的事物:1)音频输入的话筒;2)用于拍照和/或视频的相机;3)可提供关于取向、移动和/或位置的信息的加速度计或其它位置/移动传感器;4)用于直接或间接测量温度的温度传感器;以及5)可访问巨量信息的无线通信。
可指导各种类型的传感器在各种状况下监测环境,上述各种条件诸如但不限于:1)当由用户直接触发时(例如当用户拍照时);2)当由用户间接触发时(例如当用户开始另一操作,而另一操作进而导致传感器开始操作);3)当由定时器过期触发时;4)在排定时刻/日期时;5)当由另一程序触发时,可能基于从其它传感器接收的输入;6)其它。假定一些传感器的功耗不太大,那么这些传感器可能在全部时间都操作。
来自每个传感器的输入可能按照多种方式被处理以产生有用信息,且处理类型可能取决于所寻求的有用信息的类型。例如,音频输入可能被处理以识别事物,诸如但不限于:1)所说出的单词;2)说话人的身份;3)可识别的背景声音,诸如交通噪音、人群的低语声、餐厅中银餐具的叮当声、喷气引擎的吼叫等等;4)音乐;5)自然声,诸如鸟鸣、流水等等。类似地,来自相机的可视输入可能被处理以识别事物,诸如但不限于:1)人;2)人的身份(例如通过人脸识别);3)商务类型(例如根据建筑上的著名图标);4)图像中的物体是否在移动;5)环境光强度;6)颜色;7)设备是否位于城市(例如高楼林立)、森林(例如树木林立)、郊区(例如房屋并排)、公共汽车(例如在狭小的空间中,多排座位靠在一起)、体育场(例如在开阔空间中排布了数千个座位);8)其它。
来自以相互垂直安排配置的三个加速度计的输入可用于测量事物,诸如但不限于以下事物:1)设备的取向(例如通过确定由每个加速度计感测到的重力分量);2)沿所有三个轴的加速度,该加速度可被转换成三维上的速度,该速度进而可被转换成三维上的位置改变;3)重复的向上和向下运动,这可能暗示在走路或慢跑;4)其它。
可分析温度以得出多种类型的信息。可通过直接温度传感器提供环境气温。然而,当设备被握持时,可能由于用户手的温暖而受骗。红外传感器在指向特定物体时可提供较明确的信息。如果相机具有红外滤波器或传感器阵列,则可分析所得照片以确定照片中不同物体的相对温度差,且所得照片可令人信服地用于将该相机转换成夜视红外观察器。
无线电装置可能是该设备上最有用和最多功能的传感器之一。许多类型的设备通过无线电信号通信,且那些信号中的信息可提供关于用户周围环境的大量信息。传入GPS信号在被设备的GPS系统分析时可将该设备在地球上的位置准确定位在非常小的区域内。来自接入点(AP)、基站(BS)或无线路由器的信号指示该设备在该AP/BS/路由器的已知范围内,这进而又指示用户在工作、在家或在本地咖啡店内等等。来自微波炉的独特的无线电发射可将该位置标识为厨房。还可通过无线电装置检测附近的RFID标签,并且知晓RFID标签所附连的对象可提供有用信息。此外,一些RFID标签可能连接至它们自己的传感器,且可将该传感器信息发送至该设备(例如温度、湿度、光强度等等)。对于非常广的位置信息,当更精确的信息无法获得时,接收商用广播信号(例如电视、AM电台、FM电台)可指示特定区域内的位置。接收若干此类信号可允许三角测距,以减小可能位置区域的大小。如果广播塔的位置未知,则广播信息的内容(例如语言、所提到的城市等)可能有帮助。
无线电通信也可用于扩展该设备具有访问权的数据库。通过使用对因特网的无线访问,该设备可获得与该设备的位置相关联的地图、方向、街道地址、航拍照片、设施类型等。
情境和情况认知二者可按照多种方式组合,以用于分析用户的位置和行为,甚至用于预期用户的需求。该预期可能导致该设备获得用户未直接请求、但可能有用的信息。例如,如果用户正在请求他区域内的影剧院的清单,则该设备也可获得每个电影正在上映的电影的清单及其开始时间,预期用户将随后能使用该信息。
该设备还可使用历史数据来分析该用户的状态。如果过去的特定一组输入指示该用户的特定状态状况,则那些相同输入现在可指示该用户可能具有相同状态。该历史数据可用于帮助确定当前位置、行为以及预期需求。
图2示出根据本发明实施例的执行状态认知的方法的流程图。在所示实施例中,在210,设备收集情境信息,而在220,设备收集情况信息。这两种类型的信息的示例以及用于收集它们的技术的示例已在之前的一些段落中讨论。210和220的操作可分别根据多种排定来执行:1)连续地;2)周期性地;3)在请求时;4)当需要特定信息时等等。在一个实施例中,一些类型的信息可按照持续方式被收集,而其它信息将仅在被认为有用时才被收集。
由于状态认知取决于情境和情况信息,所以这两种类型的信息可在230被组合,并在240被联合分析。基于可能包括一些概率分析的该分析的结果,在250,该设备可确定该设备用户可能甚至很可能的一种或多种状态状况。再使用概率分析,可对这些状态状况中的每一种分配置信因数,且在270,可选择具有最大置信因数的状态状况。在一些实施例中,如果任何一个状态状况的置信因数都不超过特定阈值,则不选择任何一个状态状况。
基于状态的提示技术
当设备接收传入通信时,它可能具有若干用于通知用户关于该传入通信的不同技术。在一些实施例中,设备可基于所感知的用户状态,自动从那些多种技术中选择以用于提示用户。这些提示技术可包括任何可行的提示技术,诸如但不限于:1)该设备可产生听觉提示(例如,可使用若干不同类型的铃声或其它声音来给予用户关于该传入通信的更多信息);2)该设备可通过该设备的扬声器或通过耳机产生语音;3)该设备可振动;4)该设备上的一个或多个显示器可点亮、闪烁等等;5)该设备上的显示器可提供视觉提示;6)该设备可向另一设备无线地发送提示,实质上指令该另一设备通过该另一设备可用的装置提示用户(例如附近电视机屏幕上的视频提示)。当然,也可使用这些和/或其它技术的任意组合。
此外,如果用户未在预定时间内响应该提示,则该提示可能以一些方式变得更加显著,这些方式诸如但不限于:1)提高该声音的音量和/或频率;2)提高语音或铃声的紧促度;3)更亮的显示;4)不同颜色的光;5)闪光或周期性声音的更迅速出现;6)其它。在一些实施例中,特定提示技术可改变,或可组合多种提示技术,以致力于使用户注意到并作出响应。
无论该设备采用哪些提示技术,该设备都可基于用户状态从那些多种技术的多个中选择,该用户状态通过状态认知而确定。例如,一些行为表明用户正在以某种方式与设备交互,且能以该相同方式被通知。如果该设备正在通过所连接的耳机播放音乐,则它可设想该用户可能没有在看屏幕,且可能无法在戴着耳机时听到外部铃声,因此该设备可通过耳机将该提示呈现为听觉信号。反之,如果视频正在该设备的屏幕上播放,或如果该用户正在通过触摸屏输入数据,则该设备可在该触摸屏上呈现视频提示。如果该设备正在使用远程系统(例如电视机或音乐系统)进行输出,则该设备可使用该系统来产生该提示。该设备可使用这些和许多其它基于状态的考虑来从可能的提示技术中自动选择。
当确定使用哪种提示技术时,可考虑状态认知。以下这些是一些示例:
a)设备位置——如果该设备确定它在餐厅或剧院,则它可振动或轻轻地响铃。如果在用户家里,则它可以最大音量响铃。如果该设备位于对此类设备有强制限制(例如禁止所有听觉提示)的区域中,则它可仅使用被允许的那些技术。
b)环境噪声水平——如果该设备感测到它处于安静的环境中,则它可振动或轻轻地响铃。如果它在噪声环境中,则它可按照与该噪声水平成比例的音量来响铃。
c)时刻——该设备可在白天(此时该设备通常被戴在用户皮带上)振动,而在夜晚响铃(此时该设备通常被放在床头柜上)。
d)用户存在——如果该设备基于温度、运动和/或用户穿戴的RFID标签确定它与用户接触,则它可振动。如果该设备无法检测到用户的当前存在,它可响铃。
e)设备行为——如果该设备感测到用户正在触摸屏上阅读一些内容(因为用户频繁改变显示器),则它可通过在该屏幕上提供视觉提示来提示用户。如果它感测到用户正在通过该设备听音乐,则它可用听觉提示盖过该音乐。
f)日历优先级——当用户在设备日历上排定他的行为时,这些行为可关于优先级被归类,其中每个优先级暗示提示技术中的不同偏好。在排定事件的时间段里,该设备可使用与该优先级相关联的提示技术。例如,一种优先级水平(例如针对重要的商务会议、宗教服务等)可指示将不发出提示,且用户将不得不在该事件之后检查错过的通信。另一优先级水平(例如针对较不重要的商务会议、与配偶的周年纪念晚餐等)可针对来自某些人(例如老板、医生、小孩、保姆)的呼叫使用紧急提示,而针对其它传入通信使用较轻的提示或无提示。另外其它的优先级水平可不对提示施加限制。
用户可在提示开始之后手动改变该自动选择的提示技术。该设备可持续跟踪此类改变,并针对未来在相似情况下发出的提示选择用户偏好。
图3示出根据本发明实施例的基于状态认知以一方式来提示用户有传入通信的方法的流程图。在所示实施例中,在310,该设备可确定用户的可能状态(例如通过遵循图2的方法)。当在320通过设备接收到传入通信时,它可检查对它可用的用于提示用户有传入通信的多种技术,且在330,它可基于用户状态将可接受的提示技术从最合意到最不合意进行分级。该过程可按照多种方法来进行,例如通过之前段落中描述的以下技术来进行。
在340,基于该分析,该设备可使用最高等级(最合意)技术来提示用户有传入通信。如果用户在预定时间限制内响应(例如通过接受或主动拒绝该通信,如在350所确定),则该过程可在370结束。但如果用户不响应(如在350确定),则放弃当前提示技术,且可尝试次高等级的提示技术。这可以是不同的提示技术(例如用闪光代替听觉铃声)、或同一提示技术的更紧急版本(例如更响的铃声)或提示技术的组合。该设备可按此方式进行这些提示技术,直到用户响应,或直到经过分级的技术已被用完。
该流程图示出,在360,当前提示技术已从分级清单中删除,因此在340,次高等级技术将成为最高等级技术。但这仅仅是可用于渐进地尝试分级提示技术的许多详细过程之一。在一些实施例中,用户可能能够通过重新定义当前分级来越过当前分等级。在一些实施例中,该越过可能是暂时的(例如预定时间)或永久的(例如直到用户再次进行改变)。
适应接受者状态的通信格式
无论何时用户在通信设备上收到传入通信,用户接受该通信的能力或意愿可能取决于该用户的状态。它还可能取决于该通信的格式。例如,会议中的用户可能愿意接受文本消息而不愿意接受语音呼叫,而正在开车的用户可能愿意接收电子邮件而不愿意接受诸如文本消息或语音呼叫之类的交互通信。此外,如果用户不能或不愿接受当前形式的特定传入通信,则他可具有关于是否通知发送者有关替代方式的偏好。所有这些事情可取决于用户在收到该通信时的状态。
出于本文档的目的,术语“格式”指示通信是否呈现为:1)交互音频(例如语音);2)交互文本(例如文本消息);3)参与图形(例如用户必须看着屏幕);或4)非交互文本、语音和/或图形(例如电子邮件、语音邮件和/或所存储的图形)。在一些实施例中,这些主要格式可进一步被细分成更具体的格式,其中处理每一种格式都有不同的规则。此外,在一些实施例中,多种格式可被组合成单个通信(例如具有非交互式图形的交互式语音)。在这种情况下,通信可因处理目的而被分类为一种格式,或该通信的每个部分可被单独对待以进行处理。
如之前所述,可由设备通过情境认知或情况认知来监视用户的状态。然而,在此情况下,该监视的目的是决定如何处理传入通信,而不是决定如何就该通信提示用户,因此所考虑的因素可能是不同的,且这些因素可能以不同的方式被考虑。
当收到传入通信时,该设备可能做若干事情,诸如但不限于:1)决定是否立即、稍后还是不提示用户;2)将该通信转换成不同的格式(例如将交互文本转换成语音、将语音转换成交互文本、语音转换成电子邮件、电子邮件转换成语音等等)以向用户呈现;3)将响应发送给发送者、通知发送者用户目前不便进行此格式的通信、并且可能建议用户此时将会接受的不同格式、和/或通知发送者用户何时将可能接受当前形式的通信。还可组合各种动作,诸如将语音消息转换成电子邮件、告知发送者用户将在特定时刻可进行语音通信、以及在用户状态允许此类提示时提示用户有这些动作。
除通信的格式之外,在决定如何处理通信时,还可考虑该通信的优先级。“外部优先级”可在不考虑用户状态的情况下被分配给通信,而“内部优先级”可基于用户状态来分配。以上二者均可以是决定如何处理通信时的因素。
对于外部优先级,如果发送者知道优先级方案,则在将通信发送至用户设备之前,可将多种优先级水平中的任一种预编码到通信中。替代地,用户的设备可在收到该通信之后决定应分配哪一外部优先级。该决定可基于多种标准,诸如但不限于:1)该优先级可取决于发送者是谁(例如用户的老板或用户的配偶会被分配最高优先级,而来自未知发送者的通信会被分配低优先级);2)该通信可能被搜索以查找可能触发某个优先级的关键词(例如单词“取消你的合同”可能触发高优先级);3)是否已经存在与该发送者的最近通信历史;4)通信长度(长通信可能被分配较低优先级,因为它将需要更多的用户时间);5)其它。
内部优先级可取决于用户在收到该通信时的状态。该状态又可取决于情境和情况因素的组合,该情境和情况因素在确定如何处理传入通信时会被考虑。以下这些是一些示例:
a)位置和时刻——许多用户具有可能被编程到设备中或由设备随时间学习到的例程。例如,用户可能想要在工作时间期间或在办公室时仅接收高优先级的消息。此外,如果日程安排计划表明用户在会议中,则所有传入通信会被降低至较低内部优先级。在其它时刻,多个传感器可能显示用户正在上下班过程中,且能自由接收消息(如果用户乘公共交通)或不愿意接收消息(如果用户自己驾车)。
b)活动——设备的加速度计可能能够检测用户是否垂直、水平、不移动、缓慢或迅速移动、速度/方向改变等等。可分析这些因素以确定用户是否很可能躺着、坐着、站立、行走、奔跑、或在进行剧烈的体力活动(诸如打网球)。这进而可与诸如GPS坐标之类的其它传感器信息组合,以确定用户是否在上下班途中、待在家里或在工作、锻炼、在图书馆读书等等。
c)背景声音——该设备可监测背景声音以分析用户的当前状态。例如,移动的小轿车或公共汽车可能产生可识别的道路噪声,而周围的交通声音也可识别。咔嗒响的盘子、叮当响的银餐具以及偶然使用的单词“菜单”和“再加满”的声音可表明餐厅。当此类信息与GPS坐标组合时,用户的位置和活动有时可高置信度地被识别。
d)设备从用户脱附——如果该设备完全不动达到延长的时间段,则可能指示用户未穿戴或携带该设备。然后该设备可基于该设备的当前位置尝试联系该用户之前已指定的替代的通信系统。例如,如果该用户在工作,则该设备可尝试向用户的办公室电话发送该消息的语音版本。如果该设备在用户家庭PC附近,则它可向该PC发送该消息的电子邮件版本。或该设备可仅向发送者返回该用户此时离开他的首要通信设备的消息。
图4示出根据本发明实施例的改变传入通信的格式的方法的流程图。在所示实施例中,在410,该设备可确定用户的可能状态(例如通过遵循图2的方法)。基于该信息,在420,该设备可确定哪些通信格式将是该用户在其当前状态可接受的用以接收的通信格式。当在430接收到通信时,该设备可在440确定该通信的格式是否是可接受的格式之一。如果是,则该设备可在460提示用户有传入通信。
如果如在440处所确定,传入通信的格式不是可接受的格式之一,则该设备可能就接下来做什么具有多种选择。一种选择是在450将该通信转换成可接受的格式,然后在460提示用户存在该通信。例如,如果接收到语音呼叫但用户现在不接受任何交互通信,则该设备可使用语音一文本转换程序将该语音消息转换成文本、将该文本存储在文件中、然后提示用户刚才接收到所存储的文本消息。
或者,该设备可在470简单地拒绝处于当前格式下的传入通信,并在480向发送者发送该消息未被接受的消息。在一些实施例中,该消息可以具有与被接收通信相同的格式(例如,针对语音呼叫使用语音、针对文本消息使用文本等)。在一些实施例中,该消息可建议发送者可使用的且将被用户接受的替代格式。
用户状态的图形描绘
响应于各种刺激,设备的用户的状态可通过以适当的格式向至少另一个人操作的无线设备无线地传送信息而被传递至该至少另一个人。例如,在一些实施例中,该通信可按照图形格式呈现,该图形格式传递与用户状态有关的信息。在一些实施例中,该图形格式可以是图形方式生成的形象,表明位置、活动、情况、所使用的设备等等,该形象将用户状态传递至另一人。在各种实施例中,该形象可以是动画形式的或静态的。一些示例可包括但不限于:1)正在行走、奔跑、坐着、站立、骑自行车、或乘汽车的人像可表明用户正在执行该动作;2)该人像的着装(例如厚外套或薄的T恤衫)可能表明用户正在经历的温度;3)用户握着通信设备靠近其耳朵的图形可表明该用户在语音呼叫;4)人像在床上闭着眼睛的图形可表明该用户在睡觉;5)等等。
可使用其它类型的可视呈现。一些示例可包括但不限于:1)乌云或闪电的图形可表明用户在户外且正在经历恶劣天气;2)用该设备的照相机拍摄的照片可显示该用户的周围环境;3)对餐厅、图书馆、运动场等的描绘可表明该用户在该类型的设施处;4)地形图或航拍照片(可在线获得)可能显示该用户的位置;5)等等。还可包括文本信息(诸如地址和/或建筑或城镇的名称)以提供更多细节。
所使用的图形描绘(例如用户的形象、各种周围环境的照片等等)可来自各种源,诸如但不限于:1)设备所提供的和/或下载至该设备的描绘的目录;2)该设备所产生的图形;3)用户所创建的定制描绘;4)等等。在一些实施例中,该用户可选择哪些描绘将可供使用。可使用选择过程来将所有可用的选择减少至用户批准使用的少数选择。
图5示出根据本发明实施例的呈现在设备的显示器上的选择矩阵。在该示例中,用户可选择当该设备正在选择如何显示用户状态时他希望该设备从可用选择中选出的那个选择。用于作出选择的指令可以处在单独的区域中,在此显示在该设备的显示器底部。可使用滚动机制来允许用户在可用选择中滚动。在一些实施例中,用户可以定义不同的选择组,且在特定时刻可用的选择组可取决于各种因素,诸如但不限于呼叫者或请求者的身份。在一些实施例中,可由用户手动选择当前活动组。
可响应于各种触发来发送该图形呈现,诸如但不限于:1)它可基于内部时钟在预定时间发送;2)它可基于定时器的过期按照预定间隔发送;3)它的发送可由用户手动触发;4)它可根据某些预定标准当用户状态改变时发送;5)它可响应于用户未应答呼叫而被发送至呼叫者;6)它可响应于呼叫者的请求而被发送;7)等等。
对该信息预期接受者的选择可取决于各种因素,诸如但不限于:1)接受者可由用户或其它经授权人员手动选择(例如独自旅行者可能想将他的状态信息周期性地发送至近亲);2)此类信息可由想要接收它的各种人请求(以一次性方式或以持续方式),只要他们之前已经被用户授权;3)接受者的清单可基于最近与那些接受者的通信频率;4)接受者的清单可基于诸如时刻、用户位置、用户活动、预编程的日程表等等之类的事物而自动变化;5)与用户设备通信的任何人可被认为是经授权的接受者;6)等等。
在另一实施例中,图5可描绘正在接收关于其他人情况的多个信息的设备显示器。在该实例中,该显示器中的每个图片可表示各个人的状态,每个人都具有单独设备,能发送描绘此人状态的消息。当从这些多个其它设备接收到这些状态报告时,当前设备可收集它们以供同时显示。在一些实施例中,该设备将仅在用户需要它的时候发送对该状态信息的请求。在其它实施例中,该设备可主动并自动请求此类状态,并在用户需要的情况下保存该信息。图5示出用于此类显示器的一种配置,但也可替代地使用其它配置。在一些实施例中,用户可指定将显示其状态的一个或多个人,但在其它实施例中,该设备可基于之前已收集或得出的适当标准来自动作出选择。
图6和7示出根据本发明实施例的对用户状态的图形描绘的示例。图6示出用户正在操作计算机。图7示出用户正在电话交谈。在一些实施例中,可组合不同的描绘以供呈现。例如,用户正在乘车且设备对着他的耳朵、且坐在手握方向盘的另一人的形象旁边,此描绘可表明该用户正在电话交谈,同时作为乘客在乘车,且另一人在驾驶。
在一些实施例中,该图形描绘可被取回并构造为单层图像。在其它实施例中,该描绘可由多层构造。例如,下层可描绘背景景色,接下来的上一层可描绘坐落在该背景中的建筑物,接下来的层可描绘该建筑物周围的各种类型的人,接下来的层可描绘在那些人前面的该用户的形象,而最上层可显示该用户的穿着和/或饰品。
当此类信息的接受者接收该图形表示时,则该接受者可获得更多信息,基于这些信息可作出多个决定,诸如但不限于:1)是否尝试联系该用户;2)在联系该用户时使用何种方法;3)如果怀疑有违规行为,是否联系警察;4)等等。
除了描绘用户的位置和/或活动之外,有些呈现可以描绘用户的情绪状态和/或身体状态。可使用语音分析来确定用户高兴、疲劳、困乏、愤怒、歇斯底里等。鼾声与无运动的组合可能表明用户在睡觉。可使用其它此类输入来确定其它情绪状态和身体状态。在一些实施例中,不论传感器如何指示,用户可选择他希望被描绘的情绪或身体状态。
除上述因素之外,对用户状态的确定可能受过去活动和/或已知偏好的影响。例如,上下运动与某范围的水平速度的组合可能被解释为骑马(如果用户是骑马爱好者)、骑山地车(如果用户是自行车爱好者)或慢跑(如果用户是跑步爱好者)。
虽然之前的描述均与利用图形图像来呈现用户状态有关,但在一些实施例中,该信息可按照文本形式或通过听觉表象来呈现。这允许在请求者的设备不具有图形显示能力时呈现用户状态,或在请求者已选择非图形呈现模式时(例如,当请求者正在开车且不想被视觉表象分神时)呈现用户状态。
不论使用的信息源为何,有关用户状态的一些最终决定可基于假设。可为每种假设、假设的某些组合和/或最终结果分配置信因数。在一些实施例中,在传送关联的图形描绘之前,该结果必须具有比预定义阈值高的置信因数。在一些实施例中,可确定多个可能的结果,且具有最高置信因数的结果将被选择用于传送。在一些其它实施例中,将传送多个呈现,其中每一个呈现显示出不同的、具有较高置信因数的可能状态。
图8示出根据本发明实施例的将用户状态通知另一人的方法的流程图。在所示实施例中,在810,该设备可确定用户的可能状态(例如通过遵循图2的方法)。然后在820,该设备可等待直到检测到触发事件。触发事件是触发该设备将用户的状态发送至另一人或另一设备的事件。当在830确定将接收该信息的接受者之后,该设备可在840处构造或选择用户的状态的图形描绘。以及在850,该描绘可被发送至接受者。
该描绘的格式可至少部分地基于接受者设备的呈现能力(如果该信息已知的话)。在一些实施例中,在描绘被发送之前,该接受者可告知其能力或请求优选的格式。如果存在多个接受者,则该设备可按照多种格式构造该描绘,每个格式针对不同的接受者或接受者组。
上述描述是用来说明的而非限制的。本领域的技术人员将想到各种变型。这些变型被试图包括在本发明的各实施例中,它们仅由所附权利要求书的范围来限制。

Claims (12)

1.一种使用状态认知的装置,包括:
手持无线通信设备,具有触摸屏、处理器、存储器以及具有接收机和发射机的无线电装置,所述设备用于:
通过所述无线电装置接收传入通信;
监测与所述设备的用户有关的情境认知和情况认知,其中所述情况认知涉及根据由所述设备的一个或多个传感器提供的传感器输入所确定的所述设备的外部状况,其中所述传感器输入基于与由所述一个或多个传感器所收集的所述外部状况有关的信息;以及
基于情境认知和情况认知中的至少一个,自动选择向所述设备的用户呈现所述通信所采用的格式,其中所述情境认知基于用户情境,所述用户情境包括用户的偏好、用户的当前活动、用户的推测活动以及历史因素,其中所述历史因素包括与所述用户相关联的过去的行为、反应、以及以前在相似状况下所做出的决定,其中自动选择基于以下的至少一个来执行:
在不考虑用户状态的情况下被分配给所述传入通信的外部优先级;
基于在接收到所述通信时的状态认知的内部优先级;以及
具有被分配的比置信因数阈值高并且最大的置信因数的所述用户的可能状态。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述内部优先级基于一个或多个情境因素和一个或多个情况因素的组合被确定,其中所述组合包括以下的至少一个:特定时刻时的用户位置、特定时刻、用户活动、背景声音、设备从用户脱附。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传感器输入包括对影响所述外部状况并相应地改变与所述外部状况相关联的信息的用户动作的情况分析,其中所述用户动作由所述一个或多个传感器观测,所述一个或多个传感器包括无线电装置、照相机、话筒、运动传感器、取向传感器、光传感器和温度传感器中的一个或多个,
其中所述外部优先级在发送方知晓优先级方案的情况下在所述传入通信被传达到所述用户之前被预编码到所述传入通信中,或者所述外部优先级基于一个或多个标准被分配给所述传入通信,所述一个或多个标准至少包括以下的至少一个:发送者是谁;包含在所述传入通信中的关键词;是否已经存在与所述发送者的最近通信历史;通信长度;以及
所述格式包括从由以下项组成的清单中选择的至少一种技术:
a)交互文本;
b)非交互文本;
c)交互语音;
d)非交互语音;以及
e)图形。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述设备向所述传入通信的发送者发送所述传入通信将不会以其当前格式被接受且可能接受不同格式的通知。
5.一种使用状态认知的方法,包括:
通过手持通信设备的无线电装置接收传入通信;
监测与所述设备的用户有关的情境认知和情况认知,其中所述情况认知涉及根据由所述设备的一个或多个传感器提供的传感器输入所确定的所述设备的外部状况,其中所述传感器输入基于与由所述一个或多个传感器所收集的所述外部状况有关的信息;
基于情境认知和情况认知中的至少一个,自动选择向所述设备的用户呈现所述通信所采用的格式,其中所述情境认知基于用户情境,所述用户情境包括用户的偏好、用户的当前活动、用户的推测活动以及历史因素,其中所述历史因素包括与所述用户相关联的过去的行为、反应、以及以前在相似状况下所做出的决定,其中自动选择基于以下的至少一个来执行:
在不考虑用户状态的情况下被分配给所述传入通信的外部优先级;
基于在接收到所述通信时的状态认知的内部优先级;以及
具有被分配的比置信因数阈值高并且最大的置信因数的所述用户的可能状态;以及
以所选格式向所述用户呈现所述通信。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述传感器输入包括对影响所述外部状况并相应地改变与所述外部状况相关联的信息的用户动作的情况分析,其中所述用户动作由所述一个或多个传感器观测,所述一个或多个传感器包括无线电装置、照相机、话筒、运动传感器、取向传感器、光传感器和温度传感器中的一个或多个,
其中所述外部优先级在发送方知晓优先级方案的情况下在所述传入通信被传达到所述用户之前被预编码到所述传入通信中,或者所述外部优先级基于一个或多个标准被分配给所述传入通信,所述一个或多个标准至少包括以下的至少一个:发送者是谁;包含在所述传入通信中的关键词;是否已经存在与所述发送者的最近通信历史;通信长度;以及
所述格式包括从由以下项组成的清单中选择的至少一种技术:
a)交互文本;
b)非交互文本;
c)交互语音;
d)非交互语音;以及
e)图形。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内部优先级基于一个或多个情境因素和一个或多个情况因素的组合被确定,其中所述组合包括以下的至少一个:特定时刻时的用户位置、特定时刻、用户活动、背景声音、设备从用户脱附。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,包括向所述传入通信的发送者发送通信应当采用不同格式的通知。
9.一种使用状态认知的系统,包括:
用于通过手持通信设备的无线电装置接收传入通信的装置;
用于监测与所述设备的用户有关的情境认知和情况认知的装置,其中所述情况认知涉及根据由所述设备的一个或多个传感器提供的传感器输入所确定的所述设备的外部状况,其中所述传感器输入基于与由所述一个或多个传感器所收集的所述外部状况有关的信息;
用于基于情境认知和情况认知中的至少一个,自动选择向所述设备的用户呈现所述通信所采用的格式的装置,其中所述情境认知基于用户情境,所述用户情境包括用户的偏好、用户的当前活动、用户的推测活动以及历史因素,其中所述历史因素包括与所述用户相关联的过去的行为、反应、以及以前在相似状况下所做出的决定,其中自动选择基于以下的至少一个来执行:
在不考虑用户状态的情况下被分配给所述传入通信的外部优先级;
基于在接收到所述通信时的状态认知的内部优先级;以及
具备被分配的比置信因数阈值高并且最大的置信因数的所述用户的可能状态;以及
用于以所选格式向所述用户呈现所述通信的装置。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其特征在于,所述传感器输入包括对影响所述外部状况并相应地改变与所述外部状况相关联的信息的用户动作的情况分析,其中所述用户动作由所述一个或多个传感器观测,所述一个或多个传感器包括无线电装置、照相机、话筒、运动传感器、取向传感器、光传感器和温度传感器中的一个或多个,
其中所述外部优先级在发送方知晓优先级方案的情况下在所述传入通信被传达到所述用户之前被预编码到所述传入通信中,或者所述外部优先级基于一个或多个标准被分配给所述传入通信,所述一个或多个标准至少包括以下的至少一个:发送者是谁;包含在所述传入通信中的关键词;是否已经存在与所述发送者的最近通信历史;通信长度;以及
所述格式包括从由以下项组成的清单中选择的至少一种技术:
a)交互文本;
b)非交互文本;
c)交互语音;
d)非交互语音;以及
e)图形。
11.如权利要求9所述的系统,其特征在于,所述内部优先级基于一个或多个情境因素和一个或多个情况因素的组合被确定,其中所述组合包括以下的至少一个:特定时刻时的用户位置、特定时刻、用户活动、背景声音、设备从用户脱附。
12.如权利要求9所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括用于向所述传入通信的发送者发送通信应当采用不同格式的通知的装置。
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