WO2000038042A1 - Apparatus and method for determining selection of touchable items on a computer touchscreen by an imprecise touch - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for determining selection of touchable items on a computer touchscreen by an imprecise touch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000038042A1 WO2000038042A1 PCT/US1999/030674 US9930674W WO0038042A1 WO 2000038042 A1 WO2000038042 A1 WO 2000038042A1 US 9930674 W US9930674 W US 9930674W WO 0038042 A1 WO0038042 A1 WO 0038042A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- potentially selected
- touchable
- item
- touchable item
- potentially
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
- G06F3/04886—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures by partitioning the display area of the touch-screen or the surface of the digitising tablet into independently controllable areas, e.g. virtual keyboards or menus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
- H04M1/72469—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones for operating the device by selecting functions from two or more displayed items, e.g. menus or icons
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the selection of touchable items depicted on a computer-controlled touchscreen display and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for determining which touchable item is selected by an imprecise touch.
- the portable intelligent communications device is designed extensively to be a communications device, rather than just a mobile computer, and as such it includes a computer integrated with communications hardware and software to provide telephony, messaging and information services. To enable at least some of these features, the portable intelligent communications device is able to be connected to the Internet by either a wired link or a wireless link. It will also be understood that certain software applications are provided within the portable intelligent communications device which facilitate the aforementioned features, as well as other desirable features such as a Personal Information Manager (PIM), games and the like.
- PIM Personal Information Manager
- the portable intelligent communications device preferably employs a touchscreen in conjunction therewith. It will be understood that a number of touchable items are displayed on the touchscreen which activate certain functions associated therewith when touched by a user.
- touchable item it is meant any icon, symbol, designation, or other representation, either graphic and/or text in nature, which causes a related action or function to take place when touched (e.g., a graphical user interface).
- each touchable item is preferably configured so as to have a defined target area therefor.
- This target area typically does not encompass the total area displayed for a touchable item, but has a predetermined shape and dimension. It is only when this predefined target area is touched by a user that the function or action associated with the touchable item is actually activated.
- touchscreens run a high risk of leading to errors.
- One reason for such errors is inherent inaccuracies from users touching with their fingers instead of a stylus.
- Another reason is that touchscreens on devices like the portable intelligent communications device described above are relatively small and the touchable items depicted thereon must be positioned closely together in order to present the information necessary for the given applications.
- a method of determining which touchable item depicted on a computer touchscreen to select for an imprecise touch is disclosed as including the steps of identifying all potentially selected touchable items for the imprecise touch, calculating a probability of intended selection for each potentially selected touchable item, and selecting the potentially selected touchable item having the greatest calculated probability of intended selection. It will be seen that the identifying step includes determining which touchable items depicted on the computer touchscreen overlap with the imprecise touch.
- the probability calculating step is a function of a distance between a cente ⁇ oint of the imprecise touch and a cente ⁇ oint for each potentially selected touchable item and/or a function of an overlap area between the imprecise touch and each potentially selected touchable item.
- the selecting step further includes comparing the calculated probability of intended selection for each potentially selected touchable item and determining whether the potentially selected touchable item having the greatest calculated probability of intended selection is greater than the calculated probability of intended selection for the other potentially selected touchable items by a predetermined amount.
- a method of discriminating among a plurality of touchable items displayed on a touchscreen of a computer system having a memory circuit , a processing circuit and a touchscreen for a touch overlapping at least two touchable items.
- the method includes the steps of calculating an area of overlap between the touch and each touchable item and selecting the touchable item having the greatest overlap area with the touch.
- This method further includes the steps of calculating a distance between a cente ⁇ oint of the touch and a cente ⁇ oint of each touchable item to determine a first value, calculating a relative overlap for each touchable item by dividing the area of overlap by a total area for each touchable item to determine a second value, dividing the second value by the first value for each touchable item to determine a third value, and normalizing the third value for each touchable item by dividing the third value by a total value for all touchable items.
- the method can include the steps of calculating a relative overlap area for each touchable item by dividing the area of overlap by a total area for each touchable item to determine a first value, squaring the relative overlap area for each touchable item to determine a second value, and normalizing the second value for each touchable item by dividing the second value by a total value for all touchable items.
- a portable intelligent communications device including circuitry for performing telephony operations, a memory circuit for storing a plurality of touchable items representative of certain functions of the portable intelligent communications device, a touchscreen for displaying the touchable items, and a processing circuit for determining which touchable item displayed on the touchscreen to select for an imprecise touch according to a probability of intended selection for each potentially selected touchable item.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portable intelligent communications device having a touchscreen in accordance with the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the major components of the portable intelligent communications device depicted in Fig. 1 ;
- Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the software architecture for the portable intelligent communications device depicted in Figs. 1 and 2;
- Fig. 4 is a typical screen display for a Phone Dialer software application depicting a plurality of imprecise touches with respect to the touchable items presented thereon;
- Fig. 5 is an enlarged, partial diagrammatic view of an imprecise touch as depicted in Fig. 4;
- Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the steps by which the method of the present invention is accomplished.
- Fig. 1 depicts a portable intelligent communications device identified generally by the numeral 10.
- portable intelligent communications device 10 is principally a communications device, and includes circuitry and components which allow it to function in such capacity through cellular, landline, infrared data association (IrDA), phone cards, and other modes.
- Portable intelligent communications device 10 also includes circuitry which enables it to function in the capacity of a computer and a plurality of software applications may be utilized therewith. Because of this combination, portable intelligent communications device 10 is uniquely suited to interface software applications with the communications hardware and software, particularly where connection to an Internet address is desired.
- portable intelligent communications device 10 generally operates in accordance with a device shown and described in a patent application entitled “Switching Of Analog Signals In Mobile Computing Devices” and having Serial No. 08/796,119, which is also owned by the assignee of the present invention and is hereby inco ⁇ orated by reference.
- portable intelligent communications device 10 includes a casing 12 for housing the communications and other circuitry as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter.
- a handset 14 is positioned within a top portion 16 of casing 12 and preferably includes a built-in speaker 18 for use when handset 14 is maintained therein.
- a pivotable antenna 20 (shown in Fig.
- Portable intelligent communications device 10 further includes a display screen 26, which preferably is a touchscreen. It will be appreciated that a stylus 28 may optionally be utilized to indicate a particular area more specifically than can be accomplished with the user's finger, although most designated areas, defined herein as target areas, are sized for touch interaction by a typically sized finger. Since portable intelligent communications device 10 preferably is no larger than a standard business desk telephone, display screen 26 is sized to be approximately eight (8) inches measured diagonally across. This puts touchscreen 26 in a distinct size class, as it is smaller than normal monitor sizes for personal and portable computers and larger than screen displays for personal digital assistants (PDAs), calculators, and other similar personal electronic devices.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- the internal circuitry of portable intelligent communications device 10 includes a processing circuit 30, which may, for example, be a Motorola microprocessor known by the designation Power PC 821. It will be seen that processing circuit 30 is connected to both Read Only Memory (ROM) 32 and Random Access Memory (RAM) 34, which store both operating systems and software applications. An optional bulk storage device 36 is further provided for storing databases. Processing circuit 30 is also coupled to display screen 26 through a standard driver (not shown) in order to control the images displayed thereon, as well as receive information through graphical user interfaces in which the user of portable intelligent communications device 10 may indicate chosen options.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- An optional bulk storage device 36 is further provided for storing databases.
- Processing circuit 30 is also coupled to display screen 26 through a standard driver (not shown) in order to control the images displayed thereon, as well as receive information through graphical user interfaces in which the user of portable intelligent communications device 10 may indicate chosen options.
- portable intelligent communications device 10 The communications functions of portable intelligent communications device 10 are also handled through processing circuit 30 via a serial and/or parallel port 38 to the particular circuitry of a communications mode designated generically by reference numeral 40.
- a communications mode designated generically by reference numeral 40.
- a keyboard 42 may also be connected to processing circuit 30, where keyboard 42 can be depicted on display screen 26 or be a separate physical package which can be utilized with portable intelligent communications device 10 such as through a keyboard IR port 44 (see Fig. 1).
- Fig. 3 depicts a schematic block diagram of the software architecture for portable intelligent communications device 10.
- the software is divided into three basic areas: applications software 46, desktop software 48, and system operating software 50 (which includes everything else from the class libraries down to the device drivers for portable intelligent communications device 10). It will be understood that neither applications software 46 nor desktop software 48 will ever interact with anything other than the top layer of system operating software 50.
- Exemplary software applications including one identified as Phone Dialer 52, are shown within applications software 46.
- Fig. 4 depicts a typical screen display 54 provided within Phone Dialer software application 52.
- screen display 54 includes a title bar 56 (i.e., "Phone Dialer") located in a top window therein, as well as a main control panel 58 including a plurality of tabbed areas which, in the representative application, are designated as "Phone,” “Setup,” and “Help.”
- a second level of menu choices or control buttons 60 appear after selection of one of the tabbed areas in main control panel 58.
- control buttons 60 available under the Phone tab are denoted as "Call,” “Transfer,” “End,” “Hold,” “Volume,” and “Mute,” respectively.
- a third set of control buttons 62 appear after selection of one of second level control buttons 60.
- a bottom rectangular area 64 of screen display 54 includes a set of control buttons 66 denoted as “Keypad,” “Speed Dial,” “Phone Book” and “Voice Mail,” as well as a message window 68 for displaying status information.
- a fourth set of command options i.e., "PSTN Phone,” “Card Phone,” and separate “Idle” icons for each) is provided along the left side of screen display 54, as designated generally by numeral 70.
- Screen display 54 further includes a work area 72 which is operating in a mode that depicts a split screen photo of the person initiating the call in a box 74 and the person receiving the call in a box 76.
- a vertical scroll bar 78 is provided for use with work area 72.
- each control button 58, 60, 62, and 66, as well as boxes 74 and 76 within work area 72 are touchable items for pu ⁇ oses of the Phone Dialer application.
- the term "touchable item” will be understood to mean any graphical user interface, icon, or other object depicted on touchscreen 26, such as part of screen display 54, which represents activation of a particular function by processing circuit 30.
- touchable items are activated by a touch on touchscreen 26, whether by a finger tip or stylus 28.
- a certain percentage of inaccuracies are to be expected from imprecise touches.
- imprecise touch it is meant that the touch encompasses more than a prescribed area for a single touchable item. This may include more than one touchable item being encompassed by a touch or the touch encompassing a touchable item and an area not defining a particular touchable item.
- a first imprecise touch is depicted by shaded area 80
- a second imprecise touch is depicted by shaded area 82
- a third imprecise touch is depicted by shaded area 84.
- shaded area 80 encompasses two separate control buttons 86 ("Transfer”) and 88 ("End") of second level 60. This is depicted schematically in Fig. 5, where the cente ⁇ oints of first imprecise touch 80, control button 86, and control button 88 are designated by reference numerals 90, 92 and 94, respectively. In addition, the respective areas of control buttons 86 and 88 are defined as ti and t 2 .
- imprecise touch 80 In order to evaluate imprecise touch 80 in accordance with the present invention, other parameters considered include the respective overlap areas oi and o 2 between control buttons 86 and 88 and first imprecise touch 80, as well as the respective distances di and d 2 between the cente ⁇ oints 92 and 94 of control buttons 86 and 88 and cente ⁇ oint 90 of first imprecise touch 80. Keeping these parameters in mind, one manner for processing circuit 30 to determine which touchable item (control button 86 or control button 88) to select is a function of the overlap area o between first imprecise touch 80 and control buttons 86 and 88.
- control buttons 86 and 88 be divided by the total areas ti and t 2 to determine a relative overlap ri and r for each.
- a weight w or probability of intended selection for each potentially selected touchable item is calculated as the relative overlap r divided by the distance d between the cente ⁇ oint of such potentially selected touchable item and the cente ⁇ oint of the imprecise touch (i.e., rj/di for control button 86 and r 2 /d for control button 88).
- the above described method of calculating the weight w for each potentially selected touchable item includes the intuitively important aspects of overlap area o and distance d between cente ⁇ oints of the touch and the potentially selected touchable items, but requires a division to be performed for each potentially selected touchable item.
- An alternative method of calculating the weight w for each potentially selected touchable item avoids the division by taking advantage of the fact that as the distance d increases, the relative overlap r decreases. This stems from the observation that the regions corresponding to the touch and the potentially selected touchable items are all convex in shape.
- weight w for each potentially selected touchable item is calculated as a square of the relative overlap area r (e.g., (r ⁇ ) 2 for control button 86 and (r 2 ) 2 for control button 88).
- Another alternative manner of calculating weight w for each potentially selected touchable item identified by processing circuit 30 is to merely square the distance d between the cente ⁇ oint of the imprecise touch and each potentially selected touchable item (e.g., (di) for control button 86 and (d ) 2 for control button 88). This method likewise relies upon the fact that the relative overlap r decreases as the distance d increases.
- the weight w for each potentially selected touchable item is normalized, they are then compared to determine which has the greatest normalized weight. While the potentially selected touchable item having the greatest normalized weight may automatically be selected by processing circuit 30, with the function associated therewith then being activated, it is preferred that the weight for such potentially selected touchable item be significantly greater than the weight(s) of the other potentially selected touchable item(s) (i.e., by a predetermined amount). If this is the case, then the potentially selected touchable item having the greatest weight is selected; otherwise, no potentially selected touchable item is selected and the user is informed by touchscreen 26 that an ambiguity exists with respect to the imprecise touch.
- the required discrimination may be lower (see, e.g., second imprecise touch 82 where only one potentially selected touchable item is involved and it involves a "Hold" control button 96, a non-momentous function, and third imprecise touch 84 involving a "Mute” control button 98 and work area 72).
- the exact threshold or predetermined amount of distinction between the potentially selected touchable item having the greatest calculated weight and the other potentially selected touchable item(s) can be set based upon the specific application and the potentially selected touchable items involved in the imprecise touch determination.
- such predetermined amount for a touch involving potentially selected touchable items requiring a high discrimination is preferably approximately 0.35 to 0.45, while that for a touch involving potentially selected touchable items requiring only a low discrimination is preferably approximately 0.08 to 0.12.
- box 100 represents processing circuit 30 recognizing a touch being received on touchscreen 26.
- Processing circuit 30 identifies all potentially selected touchable items for such touch (box 102), which is accomplished by determining which touchable items for a given screen display overlap with the touch.
- a probability of intended selection (identified hereinabove as weight w) is calculated for each potentially selected touchable item (box 104). It will be recalled that this calculation can be made by one of several different methods as a function of the relative overlap r between the touch and each potentially selected touchable item and/or the distance d between the cente ⁇ oint of such touch and each potentially selected touchable item.
- processing circuit 30 preferably identifies whether the touchable items involved require a high degree of discrimination or not (decision box 110) and assigns a predetermined amount applicable thereto (boxes 112 and 114). Then, it is determined whether the potentially selected touchable item having the greatest probability of intended selection has a probability greater than the other potentially selected touchable item(s) by such predetermined amount assigned to the discrimination level therefor (decision box 116).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU25928/00A AU2592800A (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1999-12-22 | Apparatus and method for determining selection of touchable items on a computer touchscreen by an imprecise touch |
JP2000590035A JP2002533803A (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1999-12-22 | Apparatus and method for determining an unambiguous touch selection of a touch item on a computer touch screen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/219,207 | 1998-12-22 | ||
US09/219,207 US6259436B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1998-12-22 | Apparatus and method for determining selection of touchable items on a computer touchscreen by an imprecise touch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2000038042A1 true WO2000038042A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
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ID=22818314
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/030674 WO2000038042A1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 1999-12-22 | Apparatus and method for determining selection of touchable items on a computer touchscreen by an imprecise touch |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6259436B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002533803A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1331815A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2592800A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000038042A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002533803A (en) | 2002-10-08 |
CN1331815A (en) | 2002-01-16 |
AU2592800A (en) | 2000-07-12 |
US6259436B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
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