DE102009035644A1 - Arrangement for reduction of deflection of frame-enclosed laminates of photovoltaic modules, comprises rod-shaped component connected to frame under laminate, where sliding block is guided in rod-shaped component - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement comprises a rod-shaped component (15) connected to a frame (9) under a laminate (1). The rod-shaped component satisfies the requirements under environmental conditions, forces, torque and impulse voltages. The rod-shaped component is permanently and firmly connected to the laminate in an electrically isolated manner. A sliding block is guided in the rod-shaped component. An independent claim is also included for a method for realizing a laminate deflection reduction arrangement.

Description

The The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for reducing the deflection of the framed by a frame laminates of photovoltaic modules.

The The problem underlying the invention is that the laminates of photovoltaic modules flex under pressure and suction. This deflection is load-dependent. To the product safety of the module over To ensure its service life, the glass thicknesses depending on laminate surface dimensions and environmental impacts.

The Danger of cell and glass breakage exists when the glass thickness for the load is too low.

With decreasing glass thickness increases with increasing load the deflection of the laminate and at alternating load its oscillation amplitude. At the deflection of the laminate also with the band conductors bent cells contacted.

The Flexural strength of the cells is not a constant material characteristic. It is also affected by the texture of the surfaces affected. In addition to structural errors lead mechanical Actions to notches in the surface.

at Strain arise at the bottom of the notches stress spikes that lead to breakage if the limit value is exceeded. The onset of crack growth is related between onset of crack growth, crack propagation force, the crack resistance and the rate of change of the Voltage intensity factor crucial.

Stress conditions, where the linear-elastic relationship between voltage and Elongation is lost and the material behavior is time-dependent will lead to breakage of the cell.

The fracture mechanical and performance characteristics of the cells decrease increasing force, if the forming capacity the crystal lattice is exceeded.

to Avoidance of crystal damage and the associated Loss of performance is the pressure-dependent laminate deflection to minimize.

To The prior art known laminates for Modules of the power class greater than 200 watts with Safety glasses of dimensions of approximate 1660 mm × 990 mm × 3.85 mm.

To reduce the deflection is in the Scriptures DE 3142129 A1 the stiffening of solar modules by embedding a support element as a tissue, mesh or foil below the cells to increase the tensile compressive and flexural strength described specifically in this area.

The font DE 3611543 A1 discloses a stiffening of the entire module by a corrugated aluminum sheet as the back. The corrugated aluminum sheet should simultaneously serve for heat dissipation.

In US 6201179 B1 the stiffening of frameless modules (laminates) takes place by direct mounting on a trapezoidal support structure.

The font DE 10 2005 057 468 A1 discloses a stiffening frameless modules (laminates) by selective, surface bonding of the back with a lightweight reinforcement structure. The lightweight structure is supplemented on at least two sides by a so-called support structure.

One Disadvantage of the known arrangements with increased strength is that while it helps to reduce the deflection but meet the requirements for normative system and surge voltages are not enough.

For Areas of the above dimensions is at one normative pressure of 2.4 kPa requires a glass thickness of 6 mm, around the maximum permissible deflection of H / 100 = 9.9 mm not to be exceeded.

The Quality of the photovoltaic modules during the service life depends largely on the burden-dependent Deflection.

• – die Festigkeit für den vorgesehenen Einsatzort, beschrieben mit dem Verhältnis von zugelassener Durchbiegung d_zul. zu tatsächlicher Durchbiegung d bei der Grenzlast,
• – die Leistungs-Dichte D [W/m²],
• – das Verhältnis der Leistung P [W] zur Klassenweite der Leistung ΔP [W],
• – die Zuverlässigkeit R der kontaktierten Zellen und
• – die Masse G [kg].

Specifically, the quality of the modules is determined by the following factors:

• - the strength for the intended place of use, described with the ratio of permitted deflection d _perm. To actual deflection d at the ultimate load,
• The power density D [W / m ² ],
• The ratio of the power P [W] to the class width of the power ΔP [W],
• - Reliability R of contacted cells and
• - the mass G [kg].

A measure of the quality is the module code M _KW. whose parts can be weighted: M _KW [W / (m ² × kg)] = (d _zul. / D) × D × (1 / G) × (P / ΔP) × R.

The Deflection of the laminate has an influence on the mechanical strength and the power generated.

The fracture mechanical characteristics of the safety glass panels and the cells are changed by the environmental impact. These values are not constant material characteristics.

This Deficiency has a significant influence on photovoltaic system operation, there cell and glass breaks due to exceeding of the critical stress intensity tensor during the operation lead to a significant reduction in performance.

Inadequate Breaking strength poses a risk to plant safety and availability.

Of the The invention was therefore based on the object, an arrangement for reducing the deflection of the laminates of photovoltaic modules and thus to remedy the above shortcomings of known arrangements and to provide a method for realizing the arrangement.

The This object is achieved by the features of the claim 1 and the features of the method claim 8 solved. The further claims make appropriate Embodiments of the solution according to the invention represents.

The in the claims solution of the Problems relates to an arrangement and a method of realization the arrangement by which the deflection of the laminate between the Frame parts by a longitudinal under the laminate attached rod-shaped component is reduced.

The rod-shaped component meets the requirements of forces and moments occurring under environmental conditions as well as the normative system and surge voltages.

The rod-shaped component consists of a profiled carrier and an insulator with sufficiently low electrical conductivity and high resistance to leakage current and loads. The insulator is firmly connected to the laminate.

Of the profiled carrier of the rod-shaped component is provided with the insulator and so with the module frame and the Laminate connected that the pressure or suction-related deflection of the laminate is smaller than the module height H / 100.

The on the laminate acting tensile and compressive forces additionally by means of sliding blocks and screws from the rod-shaped Transfer component to the frame. The rod-shaped Alternatively, the component may itself be an insulator.

The according to the application and the method allow it that glass and cell break at the expected loads is avoided.

The Field of application of the invention is the mounting of the photovoltaic modules after lamination and installation of the module as well as plant operation.

• – die Durchbiegung des Laminates bei den unter Umweltbedingungen auftretenden Kräften und Momenten verringert wird,
• – die Modul-Anordnung den Anforderungen der normativen System- und Stoßspannungen genügt und
• – das stabförmige Bauteil während der Modul-Montage eingefügt werden kann.

The advantage of the solution according to the invention is that

• The deflection of the laminate is reduced at the forces and moments occurring under environmental conditions,
• - The module arrangement meets the requirements of normative system and surge voltages and
• - The rod-shaped component can be inserted during the module assembly.

Another advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the quality of the modules described with the module code M _{KW is} increased.

The Invention is intended to an embodiment on the basis of Illustrated figures in the drawings become.

In show the figures:

1 : the load-dependent deflection d of the laminate in the frame with the dimensions of the safety glass panel 1660 mm × 990 mm × 3.85 mm,

2 : the arrangement of the laminate in the frame according to the prior art,

3 a section through a laminate,

4 FIG. 2: the plan view of a photovoltaic module according to the invention with a rod-shaped component,

5 : the rear view of a photovoltaic module with a rod-shaped component,

6 : the section to AA through a photovoltaic module according to 5 .

7 : the cut to BB through a photovoltaic module according to 5 .

8a : a detail E of section to AA,

8b : a detail F of the section after BB,

9 : another detail E of the section according to AA,

10 : another detail E of the section according to AA,

11 : the rear view of a photovoltaic module with several rod-shaped components,

12 : the perspective view of a module with central, rod-shaped component,

13 : the arrangement of the profiled support of the rod-shaped component in a frame with web,

14 a module with several rod-shaped components in the longitudinal direction under the laminate,

15 : a module in which the laminate is provided with an endless fiber composite semifinished product.

1 Figure 4 shows the experimentally confirmed load and deflection relationship for a prior art 1660 mm x 990 mm x 3.85 mm glass module.

2 shows the arrangement and deflection d of the laminate 1 with the height H in the frame according to the prior art. The permissible deflection d _perm. Of 9.9 mm is achieved at a pressure of 2.4 kPa on the area of 1.64 m ² with the height H = 990 mm not at 394 kg but already at 60 kg.

3 shows a section through the structure of a laminate 1 ,

On the safety glass board 2 become the embedding foil in one operation 3 , the cells 4 with ribbon conductors 5 , the connectors 6 , another embedding film 7 and the backsheet 8th laminated. The band leaders 5 the cells 4 are on the connectors 6 contacted.

4 shows the top view of a designed according to the invention photovoltaic module with rod-shaped component.

The laminate 1 is with the frame 9 together. The frame 9 consists of the side rails 10 the crossbeams 11 as well as the corner angles 12 , The cells 4 have the distances 13 in the longitudinal direction and 14 in the transverse direction from each other.

Below the laminate 1 is a rod-shaped component in the longitudinal direction 15 arranged. Above the rod-shaped component 15 the cells have the distance 16 from each other. The distance 16 between the cells 4 is the width of an insulator attached underneath 17 or rod-shaped component 15 certainly. The insulator may consist of sections. The cells 4 are with tape conductors 5 contacted. The band leaders 5 are at the ends 19 the strings 18 on connector 6 aufkontaktiert.

5 shows the back view of the invention designed photovoltaic module with rod-shaped component. The module 24 consists of the arrangement of laminate 1 , Frame 9 , Paneldose 21 as well as the connecting cables 22 and 23 , The rod-shaped component 15 is on the laminate 1 preferably by means of adhesive bonding 20 arranged. Also on the back of the laminate 1 is the junction box 21 with the connection cables 22 and 23 appropriate. The rod-shaped component 15 is through the pins 25 secured against displacement.

6 shows the section according to AA 5 through a photovoltaic module with rod-shaped component.

The rod-shaped component 15 consists of the profiled carrier 26 and the insulator 17 , The rod-shaped component 15 is between the laminate 1 and thighs 28 the crossbeam 11 arranged. The laminate 1 is with a hemming band 29 edged and in the groove 30 of the frame 9 arranged. The profiled carrier 26 has on the thigh 28 of the crossbeam 11 pencils 25 for securing the position.

The rod-shaped component 15 meets the requirements of the forces and moments occurring under environmental conditions as well as the normative system and surge voltages.

The rod-shaped component 15 carries an insulator 17 with sufficiently low electrical conductivity and high resistance to leakage current and loads.

The insulator 17 is with the laminate 1 firmly connected.

The arrangement of the profiled carrier 26 on the cross member 11 is in detail E ( 8a ) shown in more detail.

7 shows the section according to BB 5 through a photovoltaic module with rod-shaped component.

The edge of the laminate 1 is for edge protection with hem band 29 wrapped and in the groove 30 of the frame 9 arranged. The attachment of the insulator 17 on the laminate 1 done by the adhesive Ver binding 20 , The thigh 27 and 28 are part of the longitudinal member 10 or cross member 11 at the bottom of the frame 9 , The profiled carrier 26 is with the cross members 11 of the frame 9 so connected that he's on the laminate 1 withstand acting forces and ensures a deflection of less than H / 100 during the service life.

On the thighs 28 the crossbeam 11 are pens 25 for securing the position of the profiled carrier 26 arranged.

The profiled carrier 26 of the rod-shaped component 15 is at the ends with sliding blocks 31 Mistake. The sliding stones 31 be by means of screws 32 on the cross member 11 attached.

The sliding stones 31 be by holding pins 36 during the production of tapped holes 34 on the profiled carrier 26 fixed.

The retaining pins 36 for fixing the sliding blocks 31 be after joining the frame 9 and making the threaded holes 34 away.

The arrangement of the profiled carrier 26 on the crossbeams 11 is in detail E in 8a and in the detail F in 8b shown.

8a shows the detail E of the section after AA 6 , In the profiled carrier 26 is a backdrop stone 31 arranged. The sliding block 31 has a threaded hole 34 , The sliding stones 31 be by holding pins 36 for making the threaded hole 34 fixed.

The insulator 17 is with the laminate 1 through an adhesive bond 20 firmly connected. The insulator 15 is with the profiled carrier 26 by gluing or holding pins 33 firmly connected.

To secure the position of the rod-shaped component 15 during assembly and operation are the pins 25 in the thighs 28 of the crossbeam 11 arranged.

8b shows the detail F of the section to BB 7 ,

To secure the position of the rod-shaped component 15 during assembly and operation are the pins 25 in the thigh 28 of the crossbeam 11 arranged.

The profiled carrier 26 has a hole for drainage at both ends 35 , The sliding stones 31 be in the profiled carrier 26 before drilling with the retaining pins 36 fixed. After assembling the laminate 1 with glued rod-shaped component 15 in the frame 9 and fixing the corner angle 12 ( 4 ) are in a boring the frame 9 with the glued plates 37 and the Kulissenstein 31 together with the threaded hole 34 provided and is in Kulissenstein 31 Thread cut.

In the threaded holes 34 be screws 32 introduced.

9 shows in detail E another embodiment of the rod-shaped component 15 , The rod-shaped component 15 is as a one-piece profiled vehicle 38 designed with sufficient strength and resistance to withstand the required operating and surge voltages.

The one-piece profiled carrier 38 is made by a perfect binding 20 stuck with the laminate 1 connected.

In the one-piece profiled carrier 38 are setting stones 31 arranged. The sliding stones 31 have a threaded hole 34 ,

The sliding stones 31 be in the one-piece profiled carrier 38 before drilling with a retaining pin 36 fixed.

To secure the position of the rod-shaped component 15 during assembly and operation are the pins 25 in the thigh 28 of the crossbeam 11 arranged.

10 shows in detail E of the section AA another rod-shaped component 15 ,

The profiled carrier 39 consists of two chambers 40 in which the sliding stones 31 are arranged. The sliding stones 31 have tapped holes 34 , The insulator 17 is with the laminate 1 by gluing 20 firmly connected.

The insulator 17 is with the profiled carrier 39 through an adhesive bond 43 firmly connected.

To secure the position of the profiled carrier 39 during assembly and operation are the pins 25 in the thighs 28 of the crossbeam 11 arranged.

11 shows the back view of a photovoltaic module with several rod-shaped components.

The rod-shaped components 15 are on the laminate 1 preferably by means of adhesive bonds 20 arranged. Also on the back of the laminate 1 is the junction box 21 with the connection cables 22 and 23 appropriate. The module 24 thus consists of the arrangement of laminate 1 , Frame 9 , the rod-shaped components 15 , Paneldose 21 such as the connection cables 22 and 23 ,

12 shows a module with central, rod-shaped component in a perspective view.

The laminate 1 is in the frame 9 inserted. The rod-shaped component 15 is on the back of the laminate 1 arranged. The rod-shaped component 15 is through the pins 25 secured against displacement. The module 24 thus consists of the laminate 1 , the frame 9 , the rod-shaped component 15 , the box can 21 as well as the connecting cables 22 and 23 ,

13 shows the arrangement of the profiled carrier of the rod-shaped component in a frame with web.

The profiled carrier 26 of the rod-shaped component 15 is between the thighs 28 the crossbeam 11 and the jetties 41 the frame 9 arranged. The insulator 17 is by holding pins 33 in the profiled carrier 26 fixed. The laminate 1 comes with the insulator 17 through the adhesive bond 20 attached. The laminate 1 is in the frame 9 through the hem band 29 secured against contact. The rod-shaped component 15 is through the pins 25 secured against displacement. The profiled carrier 26 has the hole for drainage 35 ,

14 shows a module with several rod-shaped components in the longitudinal direction under the laminate.

The laminate 1 is with the frame 9 together. The laminate 1 and the frame 9 are by several rod-shaped components 15 connected with each other.

The laminate 1 carries several box doses 21 , The connection cables 22 and 23 have such a length that they can be connected together and other modules.

15 shows a module in which the laminate with an endless fiber composite semi-finished 42 is provided.

The endless fiber composite semi-finished product 42 when laminating with the laminate 1 connected. On the laminate 1 with the endless fiber composite semi-finished product 42 becomes the rod-shaped component 15 glued. Subsequently, this arrangement of the laminate is framed. The connection of the frame 9 with the rod-shaped component 15 takes place as it is in the 8a and 8b is shown.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

laminate

2

Safety glass panel

3

embedment sheet

4

cell

5

stripline

6

Interconnects

7

Further embedment sheet

8th

Back sheet

9

frame

10

longitudinal beams

11

crossbeam

12

corner angle

13

distance between the cells in the longitudinal direction

14

distance between the cells in the transverse direction

15

A baton component

16

distance between the cells above the rod-shaped component

17

insulator

18

string

19

String end

20

adhesive bond

21

junction box

22

connection cable

23

connection cable

24

module

25

pen or embossed part or deep-drawn hollow part

26

profiled carrier

27

leg of the longitudinal member

28

leg the crossbeam

29

Säumband

30

groove in the frame profile

31

sliding block

32

screw

33

retaining pin for the insulator in the profiled carrier

34

threaded hole

35

drain hole of the rod-shaped component

36

retaining pin of the sliding block for drilling and tapping

37

Hub, plate

38

one-piece profiled carrier

39

profiled Carrier with two chambers

40

chamber for the sliding stone

41

web of the frame

42

Fiber composite semifinished

D

power density

d

deflection of the laminate

Dzul.

Allowed deflection

G

module mass

H

module height

MKW

module code

P

rated capacity of the module

.DELTA.P

class interval performance

R

reliability the contacted cell

W

power in watts

m2

unit area

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3142129 A1 [0011]
• - DE 3611543 A1 [0012]
• - US 6201179 B1 [0013]
• - DE 102005057468 A1 [0014]

Claims (9)

Arrangement for reducing the deflection of the frame-bordered laminates of photovoltaic modules, characterized in that - under the laminate ( 1 ) at least one with the frame ( 9 ) connected rod-shaped component ( 15 ), - the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) meets the requirements of the forces and moments occurring under environmental conditions as well as the normative system and surge voltages, - the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) with the laminate ( 1 ) permanently connected electrically isolated, - in the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) guided sliding blocks ( 31 ) are provided, which by means of screws ( 32 ) with the frame ( 9 ), and - the distance between the above the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) arranged cells ( 4 ) of the laminate ( 1 ) by the width of the underlying rod-shaped component ( 15 ) is determined. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) from a profiled carrier ( 26 ) and an isolator ( 17 ) is composed. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the insulator ( 17 ) consists of sections in the longitudinal direction. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) is itself formed as an insulator. Arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that a plurality of rod-shaped components ( 15 ) longitudinally under the laminate on thighs ( 28 ) of cross members ( 11 ) of the frame ( 9 ) are arranged and connected to this. Arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that a plurality of rod-shaped components ( 15 ) in the transverse direction under the laminate on thighs ( 27 ) of longitudinal beams ( 10 ) of the frame ( 9 ) are arranged and connected to this. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that around the laminate ( 1 ) above the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) an endless fiber composite semifinished product ( 42 ) is arranged. Method for realizing the arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - in / on the profiled carrier ( 26 ) an insulator ( 17 ) is permanently arranged, - in the end pieces of the profiled beam ( 26 ) of the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) Sliding blocks ( 31 ), - the sliding blocks ( 31 ) by holding pins ( 36 ) in the profiled carrier ( 26 ), - the insulator ( 17 ) of the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) on the back of the laminate ( 1 ), - the laminate with rod-shaped component ( 15 ) with a frame ( 9 ), - after joining the laminate ( 1 ) with the rod-shaped component through the frame ( 9 ) Threaded holes ( 34 ) in the sliding blocks ( 31 ), - the sliding blocks ( 31 ) in the rod-shaped component ( 15 ) by screws ( 32 ) on the frame ( 9 ), - after tightening the sliding blocks ( 31 ) on the frame the mobility of the profiled carrier ( 26 ) over the sliding blocks ( 31 ) by removing the retaining pins ( 36 ), - the rod-shaped components ( 15 ) by pins ( 25 ) against displacement. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the laminate ( 1 ) before joining to the frame ( 9 ) with an endless fiber composite semifinished product ( 42 ) above the rod-shaped component ( 15 ).

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