DE3600027A1 - Building for the partial-maximum reception of solar energy radiation with synchronous-optimum insolation and maximum insolation over parts of the wall surface - Google Patents

Abstract

Published without abstract.

Description

Examples of training and improvement the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in more detail below. Show it

Fig. 1b pa-ma-re-sol building (floor plan) with - partially or completely - transparent or translucent and / or opaque insulation for heating and storing solar energy in the outer walls a (insulation shown in dashed lines, all openings and the wall thickness neglected by a ). With this design, of course, there is no advantage of synchronous insulation. Under certain conditions, however, the winter gardens c or the fronts c 1 can also be used

FIG. 1c synchronous insolation (arrows) to a, and A and C (all the openings and wall thickness neglected); in the situation shown, the general reflection on the antipode front c 1 of the western winter garden c , then staggered in the afternoon on c 1 of the eastern c as well; Ratio of c 1 to a approximately equal; the heating H (as a real central heating) heats, in addition to direct conduction, the adjacent rooms via the walls

Fig. 1d pa-ma-re-sol building (floor plan), the vertical space enclosing areas have the following lengths (e.g.): 26 m of sunbathed areas, 10.9 m of unsunbound areas

Fig. 1e the center-controlled reflection over k on several areas, for. B. a 1 (which can also stand for T ), as well as on an area, for. B. T (which can also stand for a 1 ), time-shifted representation; T with more favorable irradiation area (top view); the sizes of the respective focal lengths and focal points must be observed and determined, among other things, via the design of the reflectors from an energy-efficient as well as from a building physics point of view.

Fig. 4c pa-ma-re-sol building on turntable D in, the solar radiation laterally receiving position

Fig. 5e f c further design possibilities of conservatories, (plan)

Fig. 7b pa-ma-re-sol building, D 1 roof terrace, which, in addition to greening, also serve to use solar energy by installing or installing passive or / and active solar technology, thermal or / and photovoltaic or / and similar can; the transparent covers G , the antipode fronts c 1 , small side A

Fig. 9g reflection car k to which the reflection umbrellas V are mounted, and thus a larger reflecting surface and the possibility of formation of further reflection faces (z. B. V or R 1) k is achieved before or on the outer wall a, (cross section), k and its reflecting surfaces, including the focussing ones, should be made of lightweight material to keep energy consumption low for its control; here z. B. the photovoltaic solar technology (roof terrace D 1 ) can be used

Fig. 9f rotatable radiant wall T with a larger irradiation area and a more favorable angle of incidence at centered-controlled reflection, outer wall (shown coarsened distances to T) a, the interior i (top view)

Fig. 9ff to, inter alia, to restrict a lateral heat flow, T (as gas concrete z.), In a frame T 2 g insulating material are set; the expansion joints between T and the frame can s , z. B. rock wool, are filled, thereby eliminating the expansion space between a and T (top view)

Fig. 9h reflection roller blind R 2 (top view); In order to follow the respective position of the sun and to be able to achieve a favorable reflection angle, R 2 is pivotable in the suspension U , which is attached to c 1 and possibly a ; Axis q also attached to c 1 (changed position of R 2 shown in dashed lines)

Fig. 11 Shading table for antipode fronts, example: on December 12th at 8.45 a.m. at a location 50 ° NB, the antipode front of a building with a building angle of 90 ° is shaded to 70%, that of a building with a building angle of 55 ° only to 5%; further data will be submitted later

Fig. 12 Shortening the width of the building by X difference (short dash), stretching in depth (dotted line), achieving a more favorable reflection angle of c 1 , previously 70 ° after 56 ° (long dash)

Fig. 13 Another example is that the outer wall may be a building with several angles created, as well as c 1

Claims (5)

1. With a room enclosure, which is built according to the designs or the concept and / or the principles of the pa-ma-sol building, the greatest possible solar energy consumption, z. B. for the purpose of storage, thermal, photovoltaic or similar type, can be achieved and used. An increase or increase in solar energy consumption is achieved, among other things, by designing and aligning the largest possible proportion of the facade or wall of the building structure in such a way that synchronous insolation is possible on this entire maximum proportion. The demands and the results of the Pamaresol principle are and enable, among other things:

• I. Creation of the largest possible solar energy absorption area in terms of facade or wall area, while at the same time optimally reducing the facade areas located in the entire northern, i.e. also northwest and northeast, area (from the rooms behind, each with a legal storey height of residential, commercial, administration buildings, etc.). The pa-ma-re-sol building achieves z. B. A reduction in the northern facade share to less than two fifths of the total facade or wall area of the building and an increase in the remaining facade or wall share for solar energy consumption, now predominantly south-facing, to over three fifths of the corresponding total area ( Fig. 1b and 1c), or / and, in a further example, the northern facade share is reduced to less than a third of the corresponding total area, so that the ratio of southern or effectively sunbathed to northern or sunless areas is at least 2.1: Is 1 ( Fig. 1d). This is particularly important during the heating season, but also on all cold days of every season. Even if there is no apparent direct solar radiation (sunshine), but diffuse or global radiation, solar energy gain is possible if the building is oriented mainly to the south and if a building is designed accordingly. In the pa-ma-re-sol building, the facade surface can also be provided - partially or entirely - with transparent or translucent or / and possibly opaque insulation, Fig. 1b. In Fig. 1c, the insulation is not applied directly to the outer walls, but is at a certain distance from them, for. B. when gaining space in a conservatory c and z. B. with the addition of a lightweight construction, to antipode fronts c 1 , which, among other things, can function or act as reflection surfaces, whereby - made possible by the aggregates k , R 2 , etc. - can be made both transparent and opaque (or both). Likewise, e.g. B. the model of the two-shell construction can be used by the outer wall a the one shell and the antipode front c 1 represent the other, thinner shell with insulation. The same can apply to the buffer zone d . Other materials such as B. hollow blocks with implicit insulation, and other constructions can also be used. The heating H represents a real central heating. The position of the lateral outer walls a is aligned with the solar conditions, in particular with regard to the azimuth, the direct as well as the reflected and synchronous insulation and last but not least the spatial and location-related Component. This will usually result in a building angle, measured on the tension side d 1 , of more or less 60 °. That means that a building angle z. B. 35 ° or less, or z. B. can be 85 ° or more, including the intermediate angle sizes. The same applies to the antipode fronts c 1 (e.g. conservatory fronts); they and their corresponding angular sizes are of great importance - among other things in their very specific, angular constellation to the outer walls a and in terms of solar technology with regard to reflection and possibly storage. The outer walls a can also be created with several building angles, e.g. B. FIGS. 12 and 13. Similarly, c and c is 1. The respective ratio of the antipode fronts c 1 to the outer walls a can be c 1 = a
  c 1 ≦ ωτ a
  c 1 ≦ λτ a . The transparent surfaces of the pa-ma-re-sol building and in particular a 1 and T should be given temporary thermal insulation due to the possible loss of energy at night. When using solar energy via general reflection, the inner walls of the antipode fronts (e.g. c 1 ) and the floor surfaces of c should be provided with well reflecting layers (e.g. appropriate colors, tiles, plaster, possibly roller blinds, etc.). When using the controlled and / or center-controlled reflection, c 1 and the bottom of c can be used for storage. On page 9, line 18 of the main application, a building angle of 59 ° was specified due to a transmission error; correctly it should be 50 °. The examples given on the same page concern the most effective solar radiation. The general use of solar energy begins much earlier. Even in the first third of December (50 ° NB), use is possible from around 8.45 a.m. It can be carried out successively earlier in the following months, in particular by moving to a center, e.g. B. a 1 or / and T , directed, center-controlled or focusing reflection, which, among other things, allows larger window or door elements, lightweight construction, prefabricated construction, etc. and also drastically reduces the dark wall portion, Fig. 1e.
• II. Achieving a simultaneous as long as possible, and as large a surface as possible, and thus the greatest possible synchronous insulation of the building, achieved among other things by the southern taper in plan and (partly) section, the general reflection on the antipode fronts c 1 , e.g. B. the reflective conservatory fronts and / or conservatory floors and / or the aggregates, for. B. reflection car k . As a result, each of the two outer walls a receives a double solar irradiation on one day; once directly, - whereby the slanted south-east and south-west facades guarantee a good angle of incidence, reflected again. The latter even when using z. B. k , which enables a perfect tracking of the respective solar azimuth and the altitude, with an optimal, because controllable reflection angle. In conventional buildings with their predominantly square or right-angled shapes, the south facade is heated at best, especially in the winter season; the three other facades either receive no or insignificant insolation because of the angle of incidence. Even if experimentally a rectangular building, the east / west facades of which are parallel to the north-south direction, for protection and solar energy generation antipode fronts, e.g. B. winter garden fronts c 1 , are equally assigned, the comparison to the pa-mare-sol building, z. B. Fig. 7b, more than unfavorable. During e.g. B. on 11 November at 8.30 a.m. at a location 50 ° NB the antipode front c 1 of the conventional house intended for general reflection (with a 90 ° building angle) is shaded by approx. 75%, is located on the antipode front c 1 of a ma-re-sol building (with e.g. 60 ° building angle) shading of only approx. 15%. At the latest an hour later, the entire reflection surface is without shadow, but that of the comparison building is still shaded with approx. 57%, Fig. 11, (antipode fronts and facades each with the same side length or same floor height) pa-ma-re-sol- building achieves far more than doubling solar reception or solar energy use ( Fig. 1c). All previous and subsequent claims of this and the main application are also raised for the manufacture or / and use - including individual units - in or outside other buildings, room enclosures etc. or / and for similar or other purposes.

2. If the rotation of T is possibly omitted, the axis Q is simply omitted and the "wall in the wall" is made stationary as a 1 . It could It may become necessary that a 1 (e.g.) must be placed on rollers if a 1 or / and extreme solar (focussing) radiation is used to a large extent. Instead of a block, a 1 (and T ) can also be created with individual parts (e.g. hollow blocks) of suitable, heat-storing material, taking into account the expansion. Furthermore, a frame made of primarily heat-insulating material can include the "wall in the wall" if, for. B. thermal transfer to other components, such as. B. doors, windows etc., does not appear appropriate. The material used for T and a 1 can be made of both solid and other, e.g. B. liquid, substances exist. For a better storing bundled reflection T can be designed so that it ensures good with their surface (or surfaces) of incidence angle, Fig. 1e and Fig. 9f. After rotation into the interior, the heat is then radiated in different directions, while the back of T now receives additional solar radiation. 3. On the, sun, the respective azimuth and the Altitude ( R and R 1 ) correspondingly tracked, movable in joints and, among other things, collapsible reflection car k , the reflection screens V can also be mounted, especially when the altitude increases; and thus free space for the installation of further reflection surfaces (both separately and connected to k ) can be gained, FIG. 9g. Fig. 9e shows already c such clearance in the area. 4. The controllable reflective screens V can take two more, each to the side of V , u. U. mounted on V and foldable from there, controllable reflection screens are added. 5. The reflection roller blinds R 2 can also be installed so that they can be pulled out of the wall differently. This is done via the axis q and the suspension U , in the rail of which the blinds pivot laterally in order to be able to follow the respective position of the sun, FIG. 9h.