US20070235023A1 - Tubular radiation absorbing device for a solar power plant with reduced heat losses - Google Patents
Tubular radiation absorbing device for a solar power plant with reduced heat losses Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070235023A1 US20070235023A1 US11/562,164 US56216406A US2007235023A1 US 20070235023 A1 US20070235023 A1 US 20070235023A1 US 56216406 A US56216406 A US 56216406A US 2007235023 A1 US2007235023 A1 US 2007235023A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- central tube
- hydrogen
- free
- absorbing device
- radiation absorbing
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- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
- F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/40—Preventing corrosion; Protecting against dirt or contamination
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/40—Preventing corrosion; Protecting against dirt or contamination
- F24S40/46—Maintaining vacuum, e.g. by using getters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tubular radiation absorbing device for solar thermal applications, especially for a parabolic trough collector in a solar power plant, which comprises a central tube made from a chromium steel, especially stainless steel, and a glass tubular jacket surrounding the central tube so as to form a ring-shaped space between the tubular jacket and the central tube.
- Tubular radiation absorbing devices or absorber pipes are used in parabolic trough collectors to utilize solar radiation.
- the solar radiation is concentrated by a tracking mirror on a tubular radiation absorbing device and converted into heat.
- the heat is conducted away by a heat-carrying medium passing through the tubular radiation absorbing device and is used directly as process heat or converted into electrical energy.
- This sort of tubular radiation absorbing device typically comprises a coated central tube and a glass tubular jacket around it.
- the ring-shaped space between the tubes is evacuated.
- a heat carrier fluid especially an oil, is pumped through the central tube.
- This sort of absorber tube is described, e.g., in DE 102 31 467 B4.
- a glass-metal transitional element is arranged at the free end of a glass tubular jacket.
- the central tube and the glass-metal transitional element are connected with each other so that they are slidable relative to each other in a longitudinal direction by means of at least one expansion compensating device.
- Free hydrogen which is dissolved in the heat carrier medium, is generated during aging of the heat carrier fluid.
- This hydrogen arrives in the evacuated ring-shaped space between the central tube and the glass tubular jacket by permeation through the central tube.
- the permeation rate increases with increasing operating temperature, which is between 300° C. and 400° C., so that the pressure in the ring-shaped space rises. This pressure increase leads to increased heat losses and to a reduced efficiency of the tubular radiation absorbing device.
- Suitable measures must then be taken to maintain a vacuum in the ring-shaped space.
- One measure that is taken to remove hydrogen is to combine it with a suitable material.
- Getter material which combines with the hydrogen gas that penetrates through the central tube into the ring-shaped space, is arranged in the ring-shaped space to maintain the vacuum.
- the pressure rises in the ring-shaped space until the partial pressure of the free hydrogen in the ring-shaped space reaches equilibrium with the hydrogen dissolved in the heat carrier medium.
- the equilibration pressure of the hydrogen in the ring-shaped space amounts to between 0.3 mbar and 3 mbar in the known absorber tubes.
- There is an increase in heat conduction in the ring-shaped space because of the presence of hydrogen in it.
- the heat losses due to heat conduction are about five times higher compared to air, i.e. clearly higher than with an absorber tube that has not been evacuated.
- a getter arrangement is described in WO 2004/063640 A1, in which a getter strip is arranged between the central tube and the tubular jacket in the ring-shaped space.
- This arrangement has the disadvantage that the strip is in a region, which can be exposed to direct radiation.
- the getter strip can be heated especially by radiation coming from the mirror that misses the central tube or strikes it but is largely reflected from it. Since the getter strip is nearly thermally isolated from the central tube and the tubular jacket in a vacuum, the temperature of the getter strip can vary greatly with the varying radiating conditions. Because the getter material with a predetermined loading degree has a temperature dependent equilibrium pressure (equilibrium between gas desorption and adsorption), temperature fluctuations of the getter material lead to undesirable pressure fluctuations. The temperature of the tubular jacket greatly increases after consumption of the getter material and the absorber tube becomes unusable.
- a chromium oxide coating or layer has been provided on chromium-containing steel according to “Initial oxidation and chromium diffusion. I. Effects of surface working on 9-20%-Cr Steels” by Ostwald and Grabke, Corrosion Science 46, pp. 1113-1127 (2004) in order to protect the steel from a reactive environment.
- the chromium-containing steel is provided with a coating by means of an H 2 —H 2 O atmosphere, which comprises an inner layer of Cr 2 O 3 and an outer layer of (Mn,Fe)Cr 2 O 4 spinel.
- a tubular radiation absorbing device in which the central tube has a barrier coating that is largely impermeable to hydrogen, at least one its interior side.
- This barrier coating contains chromium oxide, Cr 2 O 3 .
- the coating having chromium oxide is obtained by treating the central tube comprising steel, especially stainless steel, in a process in which a surface layer of the central tube is converted into a coating containing chromium oxide.
- the barrier coating has a preferred coating thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the barrier action of the barrier coating decreases when the coating thickness is smaller than the foregoing preferred coating thickness. Crack formation increases in coatings that are thicker than this preferred coating thickness due to temperature changes, so that the barrier action similarly decreases when the coating thickness is thicker than the foregoing preferred coating thickness.
- the chromium oxide content of the barrier coating is preferably from 20 wt. % to 60 wt. %, especially 30 wt. % to 50 wt. %.
- the chromium oxide fraction is determined by the chromium content of the steel and the type and duration of the treatment of the central tube, as explained in connection with the claimed process.
- the barrier action for hydrogen is initiated at a chromium oxide content of 20 wt. %.
- the central tube has an outer coating on its outside which contains chromium oxide.
- the thickness of the outer coating is less than the thickness of the barrier coating.
- This coating merely serves as an adherent layer for a subsequently applied selective thin layer.
- the thickness of the outer layer amounts to preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m. It has been shown that a spinel layer, which has a rough surface and is porous, is formed on the upper surface of the chromium oxide coating with a layer thickness of greater than 0.1 ⁇ m. This spinel layer is not suitable to support a subsequently applied smooth selective thin layer. The spinel layer does not interfere with the interior barrier coating, so that greater thickness is possible.
- the process for making a central tube from steel containing chromium, especially from chromium-nickel steel comprises first prefabricating a central tube from the steel, especially stainless steel, and then subjecting this central tube to a steam oxidation, in which the central tube is treated with steam containing free hydrogen at temperatures of from 500° C. to 700° C. in order to provide a barrier coating that is largely impermeable to hydrogen, at least on the interior side of the central tube.
- the formation of the spinel layer on the outer side is avoided by these process steps.
- a preferred ratio V A is from 10 to 1000, while a preferred ratio V 1 is from 1 to 100. However in this case V A ⁇ V 1 .
- the coating thickness on the outer side can be reduced so that the central tube is worked or process on its outside prior to the steam treatment, so that it has a roughness R a less than 0.3.
- the roughness R a is less than 0.25.
- a polishing procedure can be performed on the outer side of the central tube in order to perform this treatment.
- FIGURE is a cutaway longitudinal cross-sectional view through a preferred embodiment of the tubular radiation absorbing device according to the present invention.
- a tubular radiation absorbing device 1 for solar thermal applications is shown in the cross-sectional view in the sole FIGURE.
- the tubular radiation absorbing device 1 comprises a central tube 3 made of metal and, a glass tubular jacket 2 surrounding the central tube so that a ring-shaped space 6 is formed between the tubular jacket and the central tube.
- the hydrogen can permeate metal and thus pass through the central tube 3 into the ring-shaped space 6 .
- the central tube 3 which e.g. is made from Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum 17-12-2 Steel No. 1.4404, it is provided with a barrier coating 4 on its interior side, which contains Cr 2 O 3 .
- the inner coating 4 has a thickness of e.g. 10 ⁇ m.
- the coating 4 comprises a first layer and a further or second layer applied to the first layer.
- the first layer contains 30% Cr 2 O 3 , from 15 to 18% NiO, and from 50 to 54% Fe 2 O 3 .
- the further or second layer is predominantly composed of Fe 2 O 3 , i.e. 98% Fe 2 O 3 .
- the chromium oxide content of the second layer is only about 1 to 2%. This second layer, which forms the spinel layer, still contains a small amount of nickel oxide.
- the central tube 3 has an outer coating 5 on its outer side, which has a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m. This coating 5 has no spinel layer.
- the preparation of the oxide coatings 4 , 5 takes place by means of a steam oxidation process according to the following parameters:
- Treatment time 5 hours.
Abstract
The tubular radiation absorbing device (1) for solar thermal applications includes a central tube (3) made of chromium steel, particularly stainless steel; a glass tubular jacket (2) surrounding the central tube so as to form a ring-shaped space (6); and a barrier coating (4) on at least an interior side of the central tube (3), which is substantially impermeable to hydrogen and contains chromium oxide. The barrier coating (4) is provided by a process in which the central tube (3) is treated with steam containing free hydrogen at a temperature of 500° C. to 700° C.
Description
- The invention described and claimed hereinbelow is also described in German Patent Application 10 2005 057 277.4-15, filed Nov. 25, 2005 in Germany, which provides the basis for a claim of priority under 35 U.S.C. 119.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a tubular radiation absorbing device for solar thermal applications, especially for a parabolic trough collector in a solar power plant, which comprises a central tube made from a chromium steel, especially stainless steel, and a glass tubular jacket surrounding the central tube so as to form a ring-shaped space between the tubular jacket and the central tube.
- 2. Related Art
- Tubular radiation absorbing devices or absorber pipes are used in parabolic trough collectors to utilize solar radiation. The solar radiation is concentrated by a tracking mirror on a tubular radiation absorbing device and converted into heat. The heat is conducted away by a heat-carrying medium passing through the tubular radiation absorbing device and is used directly as process heat or converted into electrical energy.
- This sort of tubular radiation absorbing device typically comprises a coated central tube and a glass tubular jacket around it. The ring-shaped space between the tubes is evacuated. In operation a heat carrier fluid, especially an oil, is pumped through the central tube.
- This sort of absorber tube is described, e.g., in DE 102 31 467 B4. A glass-metal transitional element is arranged at the free end of a glass tubular jacket. The central tube and the glass-metal transitional element are connected with each other so that they are slidable relative to each other in a longitudinal direction by means of at least one expansion compensating device.
- Free hydrogen, which is dissolved in the heat carrier medium, is generated during aging of the heat carrier fluid. This hydrogen arrives in the evacuated ring-shaped space between the central tube and the glass tubular jacket by permeation through the central tube. The permeation rate increases with increasing operating temperature, which is between 300° C. and 400° C., so that the pressure in the ring-shaped space rises. This pressure increase leads to increased heat losses and to a reduced efficiency of the tubular radiation absorbing device.
- Suitable measures must then be taken to maintain a vacuum in the ring-shaped space. One measure that is taken to remove hydrogen is to combine it with a suitable material.
- Getter material, which combines with the hydrogen gas that penetrates through the central tube into the ring-shaped space, is arranged in the ring-shaped space to maintain the vacuum. When the capacity of the getter material is exhausted, the pressure rises in the ring-shaped space until the partial pressure of the free hydrogen in the ring-shaped space reaches equilibrium with the hydrogen dissolved in the heat carrier medium. The equilibration pressure of the hydrogen in the ring-shaped space amounts to between 0.3 mbar and 3 mbar in the known absorber tubes. There is an increase in heat conduction in the ring-shaped space because of the presence of hydrogen in it. The heat losses due to heat conduction are about five times higher compared to air, i.e. clearly higher than with an absorber tube that has not been evacuated.
- A getter arrangement is described in WO 2004/063640 A1, in which a getter strip is arranged between the central tube and the tubular jacket in the ring-shaped space. This arrangement has the disadvantage that the strip is in a region, which can be exposed to direct radiation. The getter strip can be heated especially by radiation coming from the mirror that misses the central tube or strikes it but is largely reflected from it. Since the getter strip is nearly thermally isolated from the central tube and the tubular jacket in a vacuum, the temperature of the getter strip can vary greatly with the varying radiating conditions. Because the getter material with a predetermined loading degree has a temperature dependent equilibrium pressure (equilibrium between gas desorption and adsorption), temperature fluctuations of the getter material lead to undesirable pressure fluctuations. The temperature of the tubular jacket greatly increases after consumption of the getter material and the absorber tube becomes unusable.
- A chromium oxide coating or layer has been provided on chromium-containing steel according to “Initial oxidation and chromium diffusion. I. Effects of surface working on 9-20%-Cr Steels” by Ostwald and Grabke, Corrosion Science 46, pp. 1113-1127 (2004) in order to protect the steel from a reactive environment. The chromium-containing steel is provided with a coating by means of an H2—H2O atmosphere, which comprises an inner layer of Cr2O3 and an outer layer of (Mn,Fe)Cr2O4 spinel.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a tubular radiation absorbing device that has lower heat losses than conventional tubular radiation absorbing devices of the prior art.
- This object is attained by a tubular radiation absorbing device, in which the central tube has a barrier coating that is largely impermeable to hydrogen, at least one its interior side. This barrier coating contains chromium oxide, Cr2O3.
- It has been surprisingly found that coatings containing chromium oxide largely prevent passage of hydrogen.
- The hydrogen diffusion from the interior of the central tube to the ring-spaced space could be reduced by a factor of up to 50 by this barrier coating.
- The coating having chromium oxide is obtained by treating the central tube comprising steel, especially stainless steel, in a process in which a surface layer of the central tube is converted into a coating containing chromium oxide.
- The barrier coating has a preferred coating thickness of 0.5 μm to 10 μm. The barrier action of the barrier coating decreases when the coating thickness is smaller than the foregoing preferred coating thickness. Crack formation increases in coatings that are thicker than this preferred coating thickness due to temperature changes, so that the barrier action similarly decreases when the coating thickness is thicker than the foregoing preferred coating thickness.
- The chromium oxide content of the barrier coating is preferably from 20 wt. % to 60 wt. %, especially 30 wt. % to 50 wt. %. The chromium oxide fraction is determined by the chromium content of the steel and the type and duration of the treatment of the central tube, as explained in connection with the claimed process. The barrier action for hydrogen is initiated at a chromium oxide content of 20 wt. %.
- Preferably the central tube has an outer coating on its outside which contains chromium oxide.
- However it is preferred that the thickness of the outer coating is less than the thickness of the barrier coating. This coating merely serves as an adherent layer for a subsequently applied selective thin layer. The thickness of the outer layer amounts to preferably less than 0.1 μm. It has been shown that a spinel layer, which has a rough surface and is porous, is formed on the upper surface of the chromium oxide coating with a layer thickness of greater than 0.1 μm. This spinel layer is not suitable to support a subsequently applied smooth selective thin layer. The spinel layer does not interfere with the interior barrier coating, so that greater thickness is possible.
- The process for making a central tube from steel containing chromium, especially from chromium-nickel steel, comprises first prefabricating a central tube from the steel, especially stainless steel, and then subjecting this central tube to a steam oxidation, in which the central tube is treated with steam containing free hydrogen at temperatures of from 500° C. to 700° C. in order to provide a barrier coating that is largely impermeable to hydrogen, at least on the interior side of the central tube.
- Preferably the ratio VA=H2/H2O of the steam for treating the outer side of the central tube is greater than the ratio V1=H2/H2O of the steam for treating the inner side of the central tube. The formation of the spinel layer on the outer side is avoided by these process steps.
- A preferred ratio VA is from 10 to 1000, while a preferred ratio V1 is from 1 to 100. However in this case VA≧V1.
- According to another embodiment the coating thickness on the outer side can be reduced so that the central tube is worked or process on its outside prior to the steam treatment, so that it has a roughness Ra less than 0.3. Preferably the roughness Ra is less than 0.25.
- A polishing procedure can be performed on the outer side of the central tube in order to perform this treatment.
- In this second embodiment however the use of different values for the ratios VA and V1 is not required, but of course could be considered as an aid.
- The objects, features and advantages of the invention will now be illustrated in more detail with the aid of the following description of the preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying FIGURES in which:
- The sole FIGURE is a cutaway longitudinal cross-sectional view through a preferred embodiment of the tubular radiation absorbing device according to the present invention.
- A tubular
radiation absorbing device 1 for solar thermal applications is shown in the cross-sectional view in the sole FIGURE. The tubularradiation absorbing device 1 comprises acentral tube 3 made of metal and, a glasstubular jacket 2 surrounding the central tube so that a ring-shapedspace 6 is formed between the tubular jacket and the central tube. - A heat carrier medium, which contains free hydrogen, flows through the
central tube 3, which is made of metal. The hydrogen can permeate metal and thus pass through thecentral tube 3 into the ring-shapedspace 6. In order to prevent the free hydrogen from passing through thecentral tube 3, which e.g. is made from Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum 17-12-2 Steel No. 1.4404, it is provided with abarrier coating 4 on its interior side, which contains Cr2O3. - The
inner coating 4 has a thickness of e.g. 10 μm. Thecoating 4 comprises a first layer and a further or second layer applied to the first layer. The first layer contains 30% Cr2O3, from 15 to 18% NiO, and from 50 to 54% Fe2O3. The further or second layer is predominantly composed of Fe2O3, i.e. 98% Fe2O3. The chromium oxide content of the second layer is only about 1 to 2%. This second layer, which forms the spinel layer, still contains a small amount of nickel oxide. - The
central tube 3 has anouter coating 5 on its outer side, which has a thickness of 0.05 μm. Thiscoating 5 has no spinel layer. - The preparation of the
oxide coatings - H2/H2O ratio for both
coatings - Outer surface of the central tube: polished, Ra<0.2 μm,
- Temperature T=500° C., and
- Treatment time: 5 hours.
-
- 1 tubular radiation absorbing device
- 2 tubular jacket
- 3 central tube
- 4 barrier coating
- 5 outer coating
- 6 ring-shaped space
- While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a tubular radiation absorbing device for a solar power plant with reduced heat losses, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
- Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.
- What is claimed is new and is set forth in the following appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A tubular radiation absorbing device (1) for solar thermal applications, especially for a parabolic trough collector in a solar power plant, said radiation absorbing device comprising
a central tube (3) comprising steel, said steel including chromium;
a tubular jacket (2) comprising glass and surrounding the central tube so as to form a ring-shaped space (6) between the tubular jacket and the central tube; and
a barrier coating (4) on at least an interior side of the central tube (3), wherein said barrier coating (4) is substantially impermeable to hydrogen and contains chromium oxide.
2. The tubular radiation absorbing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein said steel comprises a stainless steel.
3. The tubular radiation absorbing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein said barrier coating (4) has a thickness of 0.5 μm to 10 μm.
4. The tubular radiation absorbing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein said barrier coating (4) contains from 20 wt. % to 60 wt. % of said chromium oxide.
5. The tubular radiation absorbing device as defined in claim 1 , further comprising an outer coating (5) on an outer side of said central tube (3), and wherein said outer coating comprises said chromium oxide.
6. The tubular radiation absorbing device as defined in claim 4 , wherein said outer coating (5) has a thickness that is smaller than a thickness of said barrier layer.
7. The tubular radiation absorbing device as defined in claim 5 , wherein said thickness of said outer coating (5) is less than or equal to 0.1 μm.
8. A process for making a central tube (3) of a tubular radiation absorbing device (1) for solar thermal applications, said process comprising the steps of:
a) prefabricating a central tube (3) made of chromium-containing steel; and
b) treating at least an interior side of the central tube (3) with free-hydrogen-containing steam at a temperature of from 500° C. to 700° C. in order to provide at least said interior side of said central tube with a barrier coating (4), wherein said free-hydrogen-containing steam comprises water and free hydrogen and said barrier coating (4) contains chromium oxide and is substantially impermeable to said free hydrogen.
9. The process as defined in claim 8 , wherein said chromium-containing steel comprises stainless steel.
10. The process as defined in claim 8 , wherein an outer side of the central tube (3) is treated with another free-hydrogen-containing steam containing said water and said free hydrogen in a ratio (VA) of said free hydrogen to said water that is greater than a ratio (V1) of said free hydrogen to said water in said free-hydrogen-containing steam that treats said interior side of said central tube (3).
11. The process as defined in claim 10 , wherein said ratio (VA) of said free hydrogen to said water in said another free-hydrogen-containing steam is from 10 to 1000, said ratio (V1) of said free hydrogen to said water in said free-hydrogen-containing steam is from 1 to 100, and said ratio (VA) of said free hydrogen to said water in said another free-hydrogen-containing steam is greater than or equal to ten times said ratio (V1) of said free hydrogen to said water in said free-hydrogen-containing steam.
12. The process as defined in claim 8 , further comprising working said central tube (3) on an outer side of the central tube so that surfaces of said outer side have a surface roughness (RA) less than 0.3 prior to treating with said steam.
13. The process as defined in claim 12 , wherein said working comprises polishing.
14. The process as defined in claim 8 , further comprising working said central tube (3) on an outer side of the central tube so that surfaces of said outer side have a surface roughness (RA) less than 0.25 prior to treating with said steam.
15. The process as defined in claim 14 , wherein said working comprises polishing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005057277A DE102005057277B4 (en) | 2005-11-25 | 2005-11-25 | absorber tube |
DE102005057277.4 | 2005-11-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20070235023A1 true US20070235023A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
Family
ID=38047552
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/562,164 Abandoned US20070235023A1 (en) | 2005-11-25 | 2006-11-21 | Tubular radiation absorbing device for a solar power plant with reduced heat losses |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20070235023A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1971168A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005057277B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2328313B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL179261A (en) |
IT (1) | ITTO20060837A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA06013659A (en) |
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US20090208761A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-08-20 | Silmy Kamel | Radiation-selective absorber coating, absober tube and process for production thereof |
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US20100294263A1 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | Thomas Kuckelkorn | Radiation-selective absorber coating and absorber tube with radiation-selective absorber coating |
US20100313877A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2010-12-16 | Corning Incorporated | Solar heat collection element with glass-ceramic central tube |
US20110088687A1 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | Thomas Kuckelkorn | Radiation-selective absorber coating and absorber tube with said radiation-selective absorber coating |
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- 2006-11-21 US US11/562,164 patent/US20070235023A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-23 ES ES200602991A patent/ES2328313B1/en active Active
- 2006-11-24 CN CNA2006101637402A patent/CN1971168A/en active Pending
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ES2325562A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2009-09-08 | Schott Ag | Tubular radiation absorbing device for solar heating applications |
US8318329B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2012-11-27 | Schott Ag | Radiation-selective absorber coating, absorber tube and process for production thereof |
US8683994B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2014-04-01 | Corning Incorporated | Solar heat collection element with glass-ceramic central tube |
US20090208761A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-08-20 | Silmy Kamel | Radiation-selective absorber coating, absober tube and process for production thereof |
US20100313877A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2010-12-16 | Corning Incorporated | Solar heat collection element with glass-ceramic central tube |
US20100006145A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | Synos Technology, Inc. | Solar cell and fabricating method for the same |
US20100294263A1 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | Thomas Kuckelkorn | Radiation-selective absorber coating and absorber tube with radiation-selective absorber coating |
US10774426B2 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2020-09-15 | Schott Solar Ag | Radiation-selective absorber coating and absorber tube with radiation-selective absorber coating |
US8555871B2 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2013-10-15 | Schott Solar Ag | Radiation-selective absorber coating and absorber tube with said radiation-selective absorber coating |
US20110088687A1 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | Thomas Kuckelkorn | Radiation-selective absorber coating and absorber tube with said radiation-selective absorber coating |
US20110138811A1 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-16 | Cheng-Yi Lu | Solar receiver and solar power system having coated conduit |
WO2011081900A3 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-03-15 | Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. | Solar receiver and solar power system having coated conduit |
US8783246B2 (en) | 2009-12-14 | 2014-07-22 | Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. | Solar receiver and solar power system having coated conduit |
WO2015049977A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Solar heat collection tube and method for manufacturing same |
EP3080326B1 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2022-01-05 | Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives | Method for producing an element for absorbing solar radiation for a concentrating solar thermal power plant, element for absorbing solar radiation |
EP3080326A1 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2016-10-19 | Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives | Method for producing an element for absorbing solar radiation for a concentrating solar thermal power plant, element for absorbing solar radiation |
WO2017009638A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Energy Transitions Limited | Transpired solar collector |
US20180209665A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2018-07-26 | Energy Transitions Limited | Transpired Solar Collector |
WO2018026994A1 (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-08 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Process for increasing the service life of a solar receiver |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL179261A0 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
CN1971168A (en) | 2007-05-30 |
ES2328313B1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
IL179261A (en) | 2011-09-27 |
DE102005057277B4 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
DE102005057277A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
ES2328313A1 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
MXPA06013659A (en) | 2008-10-09 |
ITTO20060837A1 (en) | 2007-05-26 |
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