US20100059047A1 - Overtemperature protection system for a solar water heating system - Google Patents
Overtemperature protection system for a solar water heating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100059047A1 US20100059047A1 US11/815,279 US81527906A US2010059047A1 US 20100059047 A1 US20100059047 A1 US 20100059047A1 US 81527906 A US81527906 A US 81527906A US 2010059047 A1 US2010059047 A1 US 2010059047A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- heating system
- water heating
- valve
- pressure vessel
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/40—Preventing corrosion; Protecting against dirt or contamination
- F24S40/48—Deaerating or degassing the working fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
- F24S40/55—Arrangements for cooling, e.g. by using external heat dissipating means or internal cooling circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
- F24S40/58—Preventing overpressure in working fluid circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
- F24S90/10—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for using thermosiphonic circulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Definitions
- This invention relates to an arrangement for dealing with the effects of overheating in solar water heating systems.
- Solar water heating systems include a solar collector which acts to convert solar radiation to heat energy to heat water. Usually this involves a solar panel having a heat transfer fluid which absorbs the solar energy, the heat from the heat transfer fluid being transferred to the water via a heat exchanger.
- the heat transfer fluid may be water with additives. Solar energy is an unregulated source of input heat energy. Thus, there is a possibility that the heat transfer fluid will boil if the rate of energy input from the solar energy exceeds the rate of heat removal from the heat transfer fluid. Boiling of the heat transfer fluid may damage the solar water heating system due to excessive pressure.
- the present invention provides a solar hot water heating system including one or more solar energy absorbers having at least a first fluid circulation path wherein, an overtemperature path is provided, the overtemperature path including a pressure vessel which is normally closed to atmosphere, the overtemperature path being connected to the first fluid circulation path so that, in the event that fluid in the solar energy absorber vaporizes, the fluid is forced out of the solar energy absorber and into the pressure vessel.
- the present invention also provides a solar hot water heating system including one or more solar energy absorbers having a heat transfer fluid circulation path, therethrough, the heat transfer fluid circulation path including a heat exchanger, wherein, an overtemperature path is provided, the overtemperature path including a pressure vessel which is normally closed to atmosphere, the overtemperature path being connected to the heat transfer fluid circulation path so that, when heat transfer fluid in the solar energy absorber vaporizes, the, heat transfer fluid is forced out of the solar energy absorber and into the pressure vessel.
- the heat transfer fluid circulation path can include a valve arranged to facilitate the evacuation of heat transfer fluid from the solar energy absorber under the pressure from evaporated heat transfer fluid in the solar collector.
- the valve can be a one way valve.
- the valve can be a pressure actuated valve.
- the valve can be a temperature actuated valve.
- the valve can be a controllable valve.
- the heat transfer fluid entering the pressure vessel can increase the pressure in the pressure vessel, so that, when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid vapour in the solar collector falls below the vaporization temperature, the pressure in the pressure vessel forces the heat transfer fluid back into the heat transfer fluid circulation path and the solar energy collector is replenished with heat transfer fluid.
- the overtemperature path can include a pressure relief valve.
- the pressure vessel can have a substantially tubular shape.
- the pressure vessel can be inclined at an angle to the horizontal.
- the pressure vessel can include a riser.
- the pressure vessel tube can be formed from a pipe suitable for use as a flue in a centrally flued hot water tank.
- the present invention also provides a temperature sensitive valve having a flow path and a valve member operated by a thermal element having thermal expansion characteristic, the valve including a support member against which the thermal element expands to force the valve element to close the flow path.
- the valve can include a hollow body containing wax and a piston.
- the piston is spring biased to tend to compress the wax.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a solar hot water heating system according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a solar collector and heat exchanger arrangement including a thermal overflow vessel according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the connections of the heat transfer fluid and water lines to the heat exchanger
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative arrangement of the overflow tank
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative configuration for the overflow tank
- FIG. 6 shows the overflow tank connected to the inlet side of the solar panel
- FIG. 7 shows a temperature sensitive valve suitable for use with the present invention
- FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the valve of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 9 is a further view of the valve of FIG. 7 , showing a bias spring.
- the invention is applicable to systems in which potable water is heated directly in the solar panels, and to systems in which a heat transfer fluid is heated in the solar panels and then passed through a heat exchanger where the heat is transferred to the potable water.
- Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to a heat transfer fluid system.
- FIG. 1 shows a solar water heating system including a solar collector 102 connected to a heat exchanger 116 by pipes 108 , 110 , which elements form a heat transfer fluid circuit.
- header tanks 128 and 130 are used to collect the flow of heat transfer fluid from an array of channels 132 .
- the major plane of the solar collectors is usually oriented at an angle to the horizontal resulting in an upper end defined by upper header 128 and a lower end defined by lower header 130 .
- Heat exchanger 116 may consist of a water tank surrounded by a heat transfer fluid jacket. However, other heat exchanger arrangements can be used. Heat exchanger 116 has cool water inlet 114 and hot water outlet 112 .
- thermosyphoning system where the height (gravitational) differential and the thermal differential are sufficient to overcome flow resistance and produce a required flow rate
- the heat transfer fluid is heated in the solar panel channels 132 and rises under convection to the header 128 , passes through pipe 110 to heat exchanger 116 and returns to lower header 130 via pipe 108 .
- a flow control device 122 controls the direction of flow between the heat exchanger 116 and the solar panel 102 .
- the flow control device can be, for example a one-way valve or a controllable valve.
- the expansion vessel 120 can be connected to the heat transfer circuit at any convenient point. It can be connected to the outlet side of the solar panels 102 as shown in FIG. 1 or to the inlet side of the solar panels as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the heat transfer fluid circuit can be pump driven.
- the thermal overflow vessel 120 is connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit.
- the overflow vessel 120 is normally sealed to atmosphere, but can be provided with a pressure relief valve to relieve pressure above a predetermined value.
- the overflow vessel can be connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit in a manner which facilitates the evacuation of heat transfer fluid from the solar collector 102 when the heat transfer fluid reaches its boiling point. This can be achieved by preventing “reverse” flow of heat transfer fluid into the top of the heat exchanger 128 via pipe 110 , for example by a valve 122 , which may be a one way valve, a pressure operated shut-off valve, a temperature operated shut-off valve, or a controllable valve which prevents the flow of heat transfer fluid into the top of the solar panel 102 via pipe 110 when the heat transfer fluid boils.
- a valve 122 which may be a one way valve, a pressure operated shut-off valve, a temperature operated shut-off valve, or a controllable valve which prevents the flow of heat transfer fluid into the top of the solar panel 102 via pipe 110 when the heat transfer fluid boils.
- the vapour will rise to the top of the solar panel 102 and also generate a significant increase in pressure. That part of the heat transfer fluid which is still in liquid form is forced out of the solar collector 102 through pipe 108 by the increased pressure.
- the overflow vessel 120 contains compressible gas, and is connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit, the heat transfer fluid forced out of the solar panel is forced into the overflow vessel 120 via pipe 108 , and, in this embodiment, through heat exchanger 116 .
- the gas in overflow vessel 120 is compressed and this increases the pressure in the overflow vessel until it is sufficient to prevent further heat transfer fluid being forced into the overflow vessel 120 .
- the volume of the overflow vessel 120 is selected to permit the overflow vessel to contain substantially all the heat transfer fluid in the solar collector channels with sufficient volume for the gas in the overflow vessel to be compressed to a pressure to balance the vaporization pressure.
- the overflow tank can also accommodate a volume of heat transfer fluid corresponding to the volume of the upper header tank 128 .
- the valve 122 blocks the heat transfer fluid from being forced through pipe 110 to the top header 128 of solar panel 102 .
- the compressed gas in the overflow tank forces the heat transfer fluid back into the solar panel.
- valve 122 may be dispensed with as the heat transfer fluid vapour will rise to the top and fill the solar collector, forcing the heat transfer fluid from the solar collector and preventing its return until the vaporization condition dissipates.
- the heat exchanger can be located above the solar collector panels and the overflow tank can be designed with sufficient capacity to contain the volume of heat transfer fluid in the heat exchanger and in the solar panels.
- the overflow tank 120 is preferably arranged to ensure that the heat transfer fluid can be returned to the heat transfer fluid circuit to recharge the solar panel. This can be done by the use of a riser pipe (c.f. 406 in FIG. 4 ), or by tilting the overflow tank 120 at an angle ⁇ so that the overflow tank feeder pipe 118 is at or near the lowest point of the overflow tank 120 , as shown in FIGS. 1 & 2 . This provides an elevated region into which the gas in the overflow tank 120 is compressed when the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel vaporizes. This arrangement helps to prevent the gas in the overflow tank 120 from entering the heat transfer fluid circuit until the heat transfer fluid has been emptied from the overflow tank. invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the layout of a solar water heating system embodying the invention.
- a pair of solar panels 102 , 104 have their upper headers connected and feeding to the heat transfer fluid input of the heat exchanger 116 via pipe 110 .
- the lower headers are also connected and linked to the heat transfer fluid outlet of the heat exchanger 116 via pipe 108 .
- the solar panels 102 , 104 are installed at an angle to the horizontal so that the upper headers are above the lower headers.
- a heat exchanger ( 116 in FIG. 3 ) is contained in housing 106 and is located above the solar panels 102 , 104 .
- Pipe 110 connects the upper headers to the heat exchanger 116
- pipe 108 connects the lower headers to the heat exchanger.
- An overflow tank 120 is connected to the heat transfer fluid path in the heat exchanger 116 by pipe 118 .
- This tank is effectively sealed to atmosphere, but may include a pressure relief valve to relieve pressure above a predetermined value.
- the overflow tank 120 is oriented with its axis at an angle to the horizontal so that the pipe connects near the lowest point of the tank and the gas will be compressed to the upper region of the tank as described above.
- the heat exchanger 116 connections include water inlet pipe 114 , water outlet pipe 112 , heat transfer fluid inlet pipe 110 , heat transfer fluid overflow pipe 118 , the connexion of the heat transfer fluid outlet pipe 108 not being shown in FIG. 3 .
- the hot water outlet 112 includes a pressure relief valve 134 .
- Pipe 118 connects to the underside of the overflow tank 120 . As the tank 120 is tilted to the horizontal, the connexion point of pipe 118 is at or near the lowest point of tank 120 .
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative arrangement in which the axis of the overflow tank 402 is approximately horizontal and a riser 406 is added to the tank so that the gas enclosed in the tank 402 is forced up into the riser when the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel boils.
- the riser 406 is closed to atmosphere at 408 .
- Tank 402 is closed at both ends, and pipe 110 enters tank 402 at its lower edge.
- the tank 502 may be a drum shape, with its axis vertical.
- the base 506 is an inverted cone shape to funnel the heat transfer fluid back to the pipe 508 connected to the apex of the inverted cone.
- the top 504 is dome shaped.
- the lower surface of the expansion tank is preferably arranged to provide gravity feed to facilitate draining of the heat transfer fluid back into the solar panel as the evaporated heat transfer fluid re-condenses.
- the tank may be spherical, with the heat transfer fluid pipe connected to the lowest point of the sphere.
- the overflow tank 120 is connected to the inlet header 130 of the solar panel 102 by pipe 108 .
- the outlet of the heat exchanger 116 is connected to pipe 118 via pipe 119 .
- the one-way valve 122 ensures that the heat transfer fluid is directed to the overflow vessel 116 when overheating occurs.
- FIG. 7 shows a valve 700 which can be used to block the return flow into the solar panels when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid exceeds a predetermined limit.
- the valve 700 includes a housing 720 which has a through bore 724 which is enlarged to form a chamber 726 .
- the valve actuator is a thermal element 702 , which is an elongate cylinder containing wax.
- the wax can be chosen to have a phase change at a selected temperature, such as, for example, 95° C. The wax expands rapidly at this transition temperature.
- the cylinder 702 is closed at one end, and includes a piston at the other end, the shaft 714 of the piston projecting from the other end of the cylinder.
- the piston can be spring biased to tend to compress the wax.
- the cylinder 702 is attached to a valve disc 706 via a truncated conic section 707 .
- the piston shaft 704 projects into a blind bore 714 in a support member 710 .
- This support member is provided with flow holes such as 712 to permit the heat transfer fluid to pass through the support member.
- a closure member 722 closes the chamber 726 of the housing 720 .
- FIG. 8 is an exploded view 800 of the valve of FIG. 7 .
- the numbers of the items correspond to the numbers of the items in FIG. 7 , except that the prefix number 8 is used instead of the prefix number 7.
- the housing 802 defines the chamber 826 .
- the thermal element 802 is connected to the valve disc 806 .
- a skirt 807 is attached to the disc 806 and provides flow apertures 808 so that heat transfer fluid can flow around the valve disc via these flow apertures.
- the chamber 726 , 826 includes a portion of a larger diameter in than the valve disc 706 , 806 in the region of the valve disc 706 , 806 to permit the heat transfer fluid to flow around the edge of the valve disc 706 , 806 .
- a seal ring 818 can be provided around the periphery of valve disc 806 . As seen in FIG. 9 , the skirt 907 slides in the reduced section 930 of the chamber 926 .
- a restoring spring 950 is shown to return the valve disc to the open state when the wax cools.
- valve The operation of the valve will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 , 8 , and 9 .
- the wax expands in the cylinder 702 , and the piston shaft 704 moves into the bore 714 until it reaches the end of the bore. Further expansion causes a reactive force between the piston shaft 704 and the end of the bore 714 .
- the seal 918 ensures effective fluid tight closure.
- the reduced section 930 of the chamber permits over-travel of the disk 906 and skirt 907 to allow for the continued expansion of the wax after closure.
Abstract
The invention provides a solar hot water heating system including one or more solar energy absorbers (102) having at least a first fluid circulation path wherein, an over temperature path (119) is provided, the over temperature path including a pressure vessel (120) which is normally closed to atmosphere, the over temperature path being connected to the first fluid circulation path (108) so that, in the event that fluid in the solar energy absorber vaporizes, the fluid is forced out of the solar energy absorber and into the pressure vessel. The present invention also provides a temperature sensitive valve leaving a flow path and a valve member operated by a thermal element having thermal expansion characteristic the valve including a support member against which the thermal element expands to force the valve element to close the flow path.
Description
- This invention relates to an arrangement for dealing with the effects of overheating in solar water heating systems.
- Solar water heating systems include a solar collector which acts to convert solar radiation to heat energy to heat water. Usually this involves a solar panel having a heat transfer fluid which absorbs the solar energy, the heat from the heat transfer fluid being transferred to the water via a heat exchanger. The heat transfer fluid may be water with additives. Solar energy is an unregulated source of input heat energy. Thus, there is a possibility that the heat transfer fluid will boil if the rate of energy input from the solar energy exceeds the rate of heat removal from the heat transfer fluid. Boiling of the heat transfer fluid may damage the solar water heating system due to excessive pressure.
- Any reference herein to known prior art does not, unless the contrary indication appears, constitute an admission that such prior art is commonly known by those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, at the priority date of this application.
- The present invention provides a solar hot water heating system including one or more solar energy absorbers having at least a first fluid circulation path wherein, an overtemperature path is provided, the overtemperature path including a pressure vessel which is normally closed to atmosphere, the overtemperature path being connected to the first fluid circulation path so that, in the event that fluid in the solar energy absorber vaporizes, the fluid is forced out of the solar energy absorber and into the pressure vessel.
- The present invention also provides a solar hot water heating system including one or more solar energy absorbers having a heat transfer fluid circulation path, therethrough, the heat transfer fluid circulation path including a heat exchanger, wherein, an overtemperature path is provided, the overtemperature path including a pressure vessel which is normally closed to atmosphere, the overtemperature path being connected to the heat transfer fluid circulation path so that, when heat transfer fluid in the solar energy absorber vaporizes, the, heat transfer fluid is forced out of the solar energy absorber and into the pressure vessel.
- The heat transfer fluid circulation path can include a valve arranged to facilitate the evacuation of heat transfer fluid from the solar energy absorber under the pressure from evaporated heat transfer fluid in the solar collector.
- The valve can be a one way valve.
- The valve can be a pressure actuated valve.
- The valve can be a temperature actuated valve.
- The valve can be a controllable valve.
- The heat transfer fluid entering the pressure vessel can increase the pressure in the pressure vessel, so that, when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid vapour in the solar collector falls below the vaporization temperature, the pressure in the pressure vessel forces the heat transfer fluid back into the heat transfer fluid circulation path and the solar energy collector is replenished with heat transfer fluid.
- The overtemperature path can include a pressure relief valve.
- The pressure vessel can have a substantially tubular shape.
- The pressure vessel can be inclined at an angle to the horizontal.
- The pressure vessel can include a riser.
- The pressure vessel tube can be formed from a pipe suitable for use as a flue in a centrally flued hot water tank.
- The present invention also provides a temperature sensitive valve having a flow path and a valve member operated by a thermal element having thermal expansion characteristic, the valve including a support member against which the thermal element expands to force the valve element to close the flow path.
- The valve can include a hollow body containing wax and a piston.
- The piston is spring biased to tend to compress the wax.
- An embodiment or embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a solar hot water heating system according to an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 2 shows a solar collector and heat exchanger arrangement including a thermal overflow vessel according to an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the connections of the heat transfer fluid and water lines to the heat exchanger; -
FIG. 4 shows an alternative arrangement of the overflow tank; -
FIG. 5 shows an alternative configuration for the overflow tank; -
FIG. 6 shows the overflow tank connected to the inlet side of the solar panel; -
FIG. 7 shows a temperature sensitive valve suitable for use with the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the valve ofFIG. 7 ; and -
FIG. 9 is a further view of the valve ofFIG. 7 , showing a bias spring. - The invention is applicable to systems in which potable water is heated directly in the solar panels, and to systems in which a heat transfer fluid is heated in the solar panels and then passed through a heat exchanger where the heat is transferred to the potable water. Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to a heat transfer fluid system.
-
FIG. 1 shows a solar water heating system including asolar collector 102 connected to aheat exchanger 116 bypipes header tanks channels 132. In the field, the major plane of the solar collectors is usually oriented at an angle to the horizontal resulting in an upper end defined byupper header 128 and a lower end defined bylower header 130. -
Heat exchanger 116 may consist of a water tank surrounded by a heat transfer fluid jacket. However, other heat exchanger arrangements can be used.Heat exchanger 116 hascool water inlet 114 andhot water outlet 112. - In a thermosyphoning system where the height (gravitational) differential and the thermal differential are sufficient to overcome flow resistance and produce a required flow rate, the heat transfer fluid is heated in the
solar panel channels 132 and rises under convection to theheader 128, passes throughpipe 110 toheat exchanger 116 and returns tolower header 130 viapipe 108. Aflow control device 122 controls the direction of flow between theheat exchanger 116 and thesolar panel 102. The flow control device can be, for example a one-way valve or a controllable valve. - The
expansion vessel 120 can be connected to the heat transfer circuit at any convenient point. It can be connected to the outlet side of thesolar panels 102 as shown inFIG. 1 or to the inlet side of the solar panels as shown inFIG. 6 . - Where the gravitational and thermal differentials are not sufficient to meet the heating performance requirements by thermosyphoning, the heat transfer fluid circuit can be pump driven.
- The
thermal overflow vessel 120 is connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit. Theoverflow vessel 120 is normally sealed to atmosphere, but can be provided with a pressure relief valve to relieve pressure above a predetermined value. - The overflow vessel can be connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit in a manner which facilitates the evacuation of heat transfer fluid from the
solar collector 102 when the heat transfer fluid reaches its boiling point. This can be achieved by preventing “reverse” flow of heat transfer fluid into the top of theheat exchanger 128 viapipe 110, for example by avalve 122, which may be a one way valve, a pressure operated shut-off valve, a temperature operated shut-off valve, or a controllable valve which prevents the flow of heat transfer fluid into the top of thesolar panel 102 viapipe 110 when the heat transfer fluid boils. - As a consequence, when the heat transfer fluid begins to boil, the vapour will rise to the top of the
solar panel 102 and also generate a significant increase in pressure. That part of the heat transfer fluid which is still in liquid form is forced out of thesolar collector 102 throughpipe 108 by the increased pressure. Because theoverflow vessel 120 contains compressible gas, and is connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit, the heat transfer fluid forced out of the solar panel is forced into theoverflow vessel 120 viapipe 108, and, in this embodiment, throughheat exchanger 116. As heat transfer fluid is forced into the overflow vessel, the gas inoverflow vessel 120 is compressed and this increases the pressure in the overflow vessel until it is sufficient to prevent further heat transfer fluid being forced into theoverflow vessel 120. The volume of theoverflow vessel 120 is selected to permit the overflow vessel to contain substantially all the heat transfer fluid in the solar collector channels with sufficient volume for the gas in the overflow vessel to be compressed to a pressure to balance the vaporization pressure. Preferably, the overflow tank can also accommodate a volume of heat transfer fluid corresponding to the volume of theupper header tank 128. - The
valve 122 blocks the heat transfer fluid from being forced throughpipe 110 to thetop header 128 ofsolar panel 102. - Only a small amount of heat transfer fluid needs to vaporize to cause substantially all the heat transfer fluid to be forced out of the solar panel. When all the liquid heat transfer fluid is forced out of the solar panel, the heat absorption by the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel is substantially reduced because only vapour is contained in the solar panel.
- When the overtemperature conditions are removed, the compressed gas in the overflow tank forces the heat transfer fluid back into the solar panel.
- In cases where the solar panel is located above the other components of the system, the
valve 122 may be dispensed with as the heat transfer fluid vapour will rise to the top and fill the solar collector, forcing the heat transfer fluid from the solar collector and preventing its return until the vaporization condition dissipates. - The heat exchanger can be located above the solar collector panels and the overflow tank can be designed with sufficient capacity to contain the volume of heat transfer fluid in the heat exchanger and in the solar panels.
- The
overflow tank 120 is preferably arranged to ensure that the heat transfer fluid can be returned to the heat transfer fluid circuit to recharge the solar panel. This can be done by the use of a riser pipe (c.f. 406 inFIG. 4 ), or by tilting theoverflow tank 120 at an angle θ so that the overflowtank feeder pipe 118 is at or near the lowest point of theoverflow tank 120, as shown inFIGS. 1 & 2 . This provides an elevated region into which the gas in theoverflow tank 120 is compressed when the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel vaporizes. This arrangement helps to prevent the gas in theoverflow tank 120 from entering the heat transfer fluid circuit until the heat transfer fluid has been emptied from the overflow tank. invention. -
FIG. 2 shows the layout of a solar water heating system embodying the invention. - A pair of
solar panels heat exchanger 116 viapipe 110. The lower headers are also connected and linked to the heat transfer fluid outlet of theheat exchanger 116 viapipe 108. Thesolar panels - A heat exchanger (116 in
FIG. 3 ) is contained inhousing 106 and is located above thesolar panels Pipe 110 connects the upper headers to theheat exchanger 116, andpipe 108 connects the lower headers to the heat exchanger. - An
overflow tank 120 is connected to the heat transfer fluid path in theheat exchanger 116 bypipe 118. This tank is effectively sealed to atmosphere, but may include a pressure relief valve to relieve pressure above a predetermined value. Theoverflow tank 120 is oriented with its axis at an angle to the horizontal so that the pipe connects near the lowest point of the tank and the gas will be compressed to the upper region of the tank as described above. - As seen in
FIG. 3 , theheat exchanger 116 connexions includewater inlet pipe 114,water outlet pipe 112, heat transferfluid inlet pipe 110, heat transferfluid overflow pipe 118, the connexion of the heat transferfluid outlet pipe 108 not being shown inFIG. 3 . Thehot water outlet 112 includes apressure relief valve 134.Pipe 118 connects to the underside of theoverflow tank 120. As thetank 120 is tilted to the horizontal, the connexion point ofpipe 118 is at or near the lowest point oftank 120. -
FIG. 4 shows an alternative arrangement in which the axis of theoverflow tank 402 is approximately horizontal and ariser 406 is added to the tank so that the gas enclosed in thetank 402 is forced up into the riser when the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel boils. Theriser 406 is closed to atmosphere at 408.Tank 402 is closed at both ends, andpipe 110 enterstank 402 at its lower edge. - Other configurations of expansion tank are possible. For example, as shown in
FIG. 5 , thetank 502 may be a drum shape, with its axis vertical. Thebase 506 is an inverted cone shape to funnel the heat transfer fluid back to thepipe 508 connected to the apex of the inverted cone. The top 504 is dome shaped. In such alternative embodiments of the tank, the lower surface of the expansion tank is preferably arranged to provide gravity feed to facilitate draining of the heat transfer fluid back into the solar panel as the evaporated heat transfer fluid re-condenses. - In a further embodiment, the tank may be spherical, with the heat transfer fluid pipe connected to the lowest point of the sphere.
- In
FIG. 6 , theoverflow tank 120 is connected to theinlet header 130 of thesolar panel 102 bypipe 108. The outlet of theheat exchanger 116 is connected topipe 118 viapipe 119. Again, the one-way valve 122 ensures that the heat transfer fluid is directed to theoverflow vessel 116 when overheating occurs. -
FIG. 7 shows avalve 700 which can be used to block the return flow into the solar panels when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid exceeds a predetermined limit. - The
valve 700 includes ahousing 720 which has a throughbore 724 which is enlarged to form achamber 726. The valve actuator is athermal element 702, which is an elongate cylinder containing wax. The wax can be chosen to have a phase change at a selected temperature, such as, for example, 95° C. The wax expands rapidly at this transition temperature. - The
cylinder 702 is closed at one end, and includes a piston at the other end, theshaft 714 of the piston projecting from the other end of the cylinder. The piston can be spring biased to tend to compress the wax. Thecylinder 702 is attached to avalve disc 706 via a truncated conic section 707. - The
piston shaft 704 projects into ablind bore 714 in asupport member 710. This support member is provided with flow holes such as 712 to permit the heat transfer fluid to pass through the support member. - A
closure member 722 closes thechamber 726 of thehousing 720. -
FIG. 8 is an explodedview 800 of the valve ofFIG. 7 . InFIG. 8 , the numbers of the items correspond to the numbers of the items inFIG. 7 , except that the prefix number 8 is used instead of the prefix number 7. - The
housing 802 defines thechamber 826. Thethermal element 802 is connected to thevalve disc 806. Askirt 807 is attached to thedisc 806 and providesflow apertures 808 so that heat transfer fluid can flow around the valve disc via these flow apertures. Thechamber valve disc valve disc valve disc seal ring 818 can be provided around the periphery ofvalve disc 806. As seen inFIG. 9 , theskirt 907 slides in the reduced section 930 of thechamber 926. - In
FIG. 9 , a restoringspring 950 is shown to return the valve disc to the open state when the wax cools. - The operation of the valve will be described with reference to
FIGS. 7 , 8, and 9. As the temperature of the heat transfer fluid increases, the wax expands in thecylinder 702, and thepiston shaft 704 moves into thebore 714 until it reaches the end of the bore. Further expansion causes a reactive force between thepiston shaft 704 and the end of thebore 714. This forces thevalve disc 706 down to a reduced section of thechamber 730 so that theapertures valve disc 706 closes off the flow through thevalve 700. Theseal 918 ensures effective fluid tight closure. - The reduced section 930 of the chamber permits over-travel of the
disk 906 andskirt 907 to allow for the continued expansion of the wax after closure. - Where ever it is used, the word “comprising” is to be understood in its “open” sense, that is, in the sense of “including”, and thus not limited to its “closed” sense, that is the sense of “consisting only of”. A corresponding meaning is to be attributed to the corresponding words “comprise”, “comprised” and “comprises” where they appear.
- It will be understood that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the invention.
- While particular embodiments of this invention have been described, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments and examples are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all modifications which would be obvious to those skilled in the art are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (21)
1. A solar water heating system including one or more solar energy absorbers having at least a first fluid circulation path, wherein an overtemperature path is provided, the overtemperature path including a pressure vessel which is normally closed to atmosphere, the overtemperature path being connected to the first fluid circulation path so that, in the event that fluid in the solar energy absorber vaporizes, the fluid is forced out of the solar energy absorber and into the pressure vessel.
2. A solar water heating system including one or more solar energy absorbers and a heat exchanger connected in a fluid circulation path, wherein:
an overtemperature path is provided;
the overtemperature path including a pressure vessel which is normally closed to atmosphere;
the overtemperature path being connected to the fluid circulation path so that, when heat transfer fluid in the solar energy absorber vaporizes, the heat transfer fluid is forced out of the solar energy absorber and into the pressure vessel.
3. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the fluid circulation path includes a valve arranged to facilitate the evacuation of heat transfer fluid from the solar energy absorber under the pressure from evaporated heat transfer fluid in the solar collector.
4. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the valve can be one of:
a one way valve;
a pressure actuated valve;
a temperature actuated valve;
a controllable valve; or
a combination thereof.
5. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluid entering the pressure vessel increases the pressure in the pressure vessel, so that, when the temperature of the fluid vapour in the solar collector falls below the vaporization temperature, the pressure in the pressure vessel forces the fluid back into the fluid circulation path and the solar energy collector is replenished with fluid.
6. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the overtemperature path include a pressure relief valve.
7. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pressure vessel has a substantially tubular shape.
8. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pressure vessel is inclined at an angle to the horizontal.
9. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pressure vessel includes a riser.
10. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the pressure vessel tube is formed from a pipe suitable for use as a flue in a centrally flued hot water tank.
11. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the overtemperature path is connected at the to of the fluid circulation path.
12. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the fluid entering the pressure vessel increases the pressure in the pressure vessel, so that, when the temperature of the fluid vapor in the solar collector falls below the vaporization temperature, the pressure in the pressure vessel forces the fluid back into the fluid circulation path and the solar energy collector is replenished with fluid.
13. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the overtemperature path include a pressure relief valve.
14. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the pressure vessel has a substantially tubular shape.
15. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pressure vessel is inclined at an angle to the horizontal.
16. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the pressure vessel includes a riser.
17. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the pressure vessel tube is formed from a pipe suitable for use as a flue in a centrally flued hot water tank.
18. A solar water heating system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the overtemperature path is connected at the top of the fluid circulation path.
19. A temperature sensitive valve having a flow path and a valve member operated by a thermal element having thermal expansion characteristic, the valve including a support member against which the thermal element expands to force the valve element to close the flow path.
20. A temperature sensitive valve as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the valve includes a hollow body containing wax and a piston.
21. A temperature sensitive valve as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the piston is spring biased to tend to compress the wax.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2005900451A AU2005900451A0 (en) | 2005-02-04 | An overtemperature protection system for a solar water heating system | |
AU2005900451 | 2005-02-04 | ||
PCT/AU2006/000115 WO2006081608A1 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-01-31 | An overtemperature protection system for a solar water heating system |
AU2006209786A AU2006209786B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-01-31 | An overtemperature protection system for a solar water heating system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100059047A1 true US20100059047A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
Family
ID=38456593
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/815,279 Abandoned US20100059047A1 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-01-31 | Overtemperature protection system for a solar water heating system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100059047A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1844268A4 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2006209786B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006081608A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103697600A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-02 | 苏州太阳雪新能源科技有限公司 | Vacuum tube type heat collector for solar air conditioner |
US9110477B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2015-08-18 | Thomas Richard Wehner | Over-temperature protection for flowing fluid systems |
US9476599B2 (en) | 2013-08-04 | 2016-10-25 | Triteck Limited | Hot water storage unit, relief device and method of making a hot water storage unit |
CN108302818A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-07-20 | 江苏大学 | A kind of solar water heater water tank exhaust apparatus |
US10274227B2 (en) * | 2016-10-16 | 2019-04-30 | Thomas Richard Wehner | Thermosyphon cooling for overheat protection |
KR20230150152A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-30 | 장경필 | System for saving energy using solar heat storage |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202006016100U1 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2006-12-21 | Wagner & Co. Solartechnik Gmbh | Solar collector system for solar power plant has main tube with cross section greater than that of channels built into roll-bond absorber |
EP2056039A1 (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-06 | Wagner & Co. Solartechnik GmbH | Solar panel system |
MY165359A (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2018-03-21 | Siang Teik Teoh | Coaxial tube solar heater with nighttime cooling |
CN101900445B (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-05-02 | 常熟市格威普气体设备有限公司 | Temperature control mechanism for photothermal conversion glass tube of solar water heater |
CN102338491B (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2013-06-05 | 北京市太阳能研究所有限公司 | Anti-overheating device and water heater with same |
CN102798236B (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-07-02 | 李先强 | Solar temperature-control water switch |
CN102900875A (en) * | 2012-11-03 | 2013-01-30 | 李先强 | Temperature-identifying automatic water switch |
CN104697184B (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2016-05-18 | 江苏贝德莱特太阳能科技有限公司 | Phase-change thermal storage type solar water heater |
US10845094B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2020-11-24 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Composite heat insulation system |
Citations (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1971232A (en) * | 1934-01-22 | 1934-08-21 | Draper Corp | Selvage trimming device |
US3390672A (en) * | 1966-07-12 | 1968-07-02 | Melpar Inc | Solar heating device |
US3427883A (en) * | 1966-08-27 | 1969-02-18 | Yoshikazu Kuze | Thermostat |
US4061131A (en) * | 1975-11-24 | 1977-12-06 | Acme Engineering And Manufacturing Corporation | Heat transfer system particularly applicable to solar heating installations |
US4120289A (en) * | 1977-04-20 | 1978-10-17 | Bottum Edward W | Refrigerant charged solar water heating structure and system |
US4150659A (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1979-04-24 | Buckley Bruce S | Apparatus for preventing high temperatures in a glazed solar collector |
US4186033A (en) * | 1978-11-01 | 1980-01-29 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Structure for conversion of solar radiation to electricity and heat |
US4217885A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1980-08-19 | Solartrap, Inc. | Solar heat collection |
US4219009A (en) * | 1978-08-21 | 1980-08-26 | Palmer David W | Vented solar panel |
US4226225A (en) * | 1977-10-27 | 1980-10-07 | Niedermeyer William P | Thermal overload release for solar energy collectors |
US4237865A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-12-09 | Lorenz Peter J | Solar heating siding panel |
US4240405A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1980-12-23 | French Roger F | Solar water heater |
US4270517A (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1981-06-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Fluid optical switch for a solar collector |
US4281639A (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1981-08-04 | Kuronen Seppo K | Solar heating system |
US4341202A (en) * | 1978-01-19 | 1982-07-27 | Aptec Corporation | Phase-change heat transfer system |
US4357932A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1982-11-09 | Creare Incorporated | Self pumped solar energy collection system |
US4413615A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1983-11-08 | Chevron Research Company | Passive solar energy water preheat system using non-freezing heat transport mediums |
US4421100A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1983-12-20 | Ying Mfg. Corp. | Thermosyphon heat pipe hot water appliance |
US4422443A (en) * | 1981-05-05 | 1983-12-27 | Arendt John E | Solar collector |
US4469087A (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1984-09-04 | Cameron A W W | Solar heating device |
US5404867A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1995-04-11 | Rich; Albert C. | Solar collector venting system |
US5660165A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1997-08-26 | Bradford White Corporation | Back-up heater |
US6533929B2 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2003-03-18 | Corlac Industries (1998) Ltd. | Heated inclined separation pressure vessel |
US20060007657A1 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-12 | Teradyne, Inc. | Thermally enhanced pressure regulation of electronics cooling systems |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3745487B2 (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 2006-02-15 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | Thermostat valve device |
GB2337320A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-17 | Alpha Therm Limited | Water heater with thermostatic control of flow rate |
JP2001108126A (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-20 | Nippon Dennetsu Co Ltd | Safety valev of hot water storing container |
JP2001317696A (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-16 | Yazaki Corp | Safety device |
JP2003049966A (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-02-21 | Ntn Corp | Tubular elastic sleeve for wax enclosed thermovalve and wax enclosed thermovalve |
US7913684B2 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2011-03-29 | Barry Lynn Butler | Solar heat transfer system (HTPL), high temperature pressurized loop |
GB0210829D0 (en) * | 2002-05-11 | 2002-06-19 | Nizinkiewicz Rudi | Hot water control valve |
PL356349A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-05 | Adam Skorut | Method of safe transfer of solar energy and low-pressure system for transmission of solar energy |
JP4638407B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2011-02-23 | クイーンズ ユニバーシティ アット キングストン | Method and apparatus for solar collector with integrated stagnation temperature control |
MY143023A (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2011-02-14 | Rheem Australia Pty Ltd | A protection system for a solar water heating system |
-
2006
- 2006-01-31 US US11/815,279 patent/US20100059047A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-31 EP EP06701717A patent/EP1844268A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-31 AU AU2006209786A patent/AU2006209786B2/en active Active
- 2006-01-31 WO PCT/AU2006/000115 patent/WO2006081608A1/en active Application Filing
-
2010
- 2010-05-07 AU AU2010201846A patent/AU2010201846B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1971232A (en) * | 1934-01-22 | 1934-08-21 | Draper Corp | Selvage trimming device |
US3390672A (en) * | 1966-07-12 | 1968-07-02 | Melpar Inc | Solar heating device |
US3427883A (en) * | 1966-08-27 | 1969-02-18 | Yoshikazu Kuze | Thermostat |
US4061131A (en) * | 1975-11-24 | 1977-12-06 | Acme Engineering And Manufacturing Corporation | Heat transfer system particularly applicable to solar heating installations |
US4217885A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1980-08-19 | Solartrap, Inc. | Solar heat collection |
US4150659A (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1979-04-24 | Buckley Bruce S | Apparatus for preventing high temperatures in a glazed solar collector |
US4120289A (en) * | 1977-04-20 | 1978-10-17 | Bottum Edward W | Refrigerant charged solar water heating structure and system |
US4226225A (en) * | 1977-10-27 | 1980-10-07 | Niedermeyer William P | Thermal overload release for solar energy collectors |
US4341202A (en) * | 1978-01-19 | 1982-07-27 | Aptec Corporation | Phase-change heat transfer system |
US4219009A (en) * | 1978-08-21 | 1980-08-26 | Palmer David W | Vented solar panel |
US4186033A (en) * | 1978-11-01 | 1980-01-29 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Structure for conversion of solar radiation to electricity and heat |
US4237865A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-12-09 | Lorenz Peter J | Solar heating siding panel |
US4270517A (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1981-06-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Fluid optical switch for a solar collector |
US4240405A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1980-12-23 | French Roger F | Solar water heater |
US4281639A (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1981-08-04 | Kuronen Seppo K | Solar heating system |
US4357932A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1982-11-09 | Creare Incorporated | Self pumped solar energy collection system |
US4422443A (en) * | 1981-05-05 | 1983-12-27 | Arendt John E | Solar collector |
US4413615A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1983-11-08 | Chevron Research Company | Passive solar energy water preheat system using non-freezing heat transport mediums |
US4469087A (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1984-09-04 | Cameron A W W | Solar heating device |
US4421100A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1983-12-20 | Ying Mfg. Corp. | Thermosyphon heat pipe hot water appliance |
US5404867A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1995-04-11 | Rich; Albert C. | Solar collector venting system |
US5660165A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1997-08-26 | Bradford White Corporation | Back-up heater |
US6533929B2 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2003-03-18 | Corlac Industries (1998) Ltd. | Heated inclined separation pressure vessel |
US20060007657A1 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-12 | Teradyne, Inc. | Thermally enhanced pressure regulation of electronics cooling systems |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
http://web.archive.org/web/20060314013437/http://www.plbg.com/forum/read.php?1,252759; March 14 ,2006 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9110477B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2015-08-18 | Thomas Richard Wehner | Over-temperature protection for flowing fluid systems |
US9739507B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2017-08-22 | Thomas Richard Wehner | Fluid temperature limiter |
US9476599B2 (en) | 2013-08-04 | 2016-10-25 | Triteck Limited | Hot water storage unit, relief device and method of making a hot water storage unit |
CN103697600A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-02 | 苏州太阳雪新能源科技有限公司 | Vacuum tube type heat collector for solar air conditioner |
US10274227B2 (en) * | 2016-10-16 | 2019-04-30 | Thomas Richard Wehner | Thermosyphon cooling for overheat protection |
CN108302818A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-07-20 | 江苏大学 | A kind of solar water heater water tank exhaust apparatus |
KR20230150152A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-30 | 장경필 | System for saving energy using solar heat storage |
KR102612399B1 (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-12-11 | 장경필 | System for saving energy using solar heat storage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006081608A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
AU2010201846A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
AU2006209786A2 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
EP1844268A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
AU2006209786A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
EP1844268A4 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
AU2010201846B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
AU2006209786B2 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2006209786B2 (en) | An overtemperature protection system for a solar water heating system | |
JP5759899B2 (en) | Power generation module assembly, reactor module, and reactor cooling method | |
US4346731A (en) | Buoyant element check valve for a thermosiphon energy system | |
US9309870B2 (en) | Thermal actuator | |
JP3037414B2 (en) | Heat pipe equipment | |
US4254820A (en) | Heat transport device | |
US4413615A (en) | Passive solar energy water preheat system using non-freezing heat transport mediums | |
US7337828B2 (en) | Heat transfer using a heat driven loop | |
GB2099980A (en) | Heat transfer panels | |
US4224925A (en) | Heating system | |
CN110906769B (en) | Evaporative cooling power transformer condenser device based on phase change medium | |
US3734168A (en) | Water or like boiler | |
NZ560755A (en) | An overtemperature protection system for a solar water heating system | |
JP3346564B2 (en) | Heat pipe equipment | |
US5667003A (en) | Heat pipe device | |
US4203422A (en) | Solar heating system and component | |
GB2054130A (en) | Improvements in and relating to solar powered heating systems | |
US4607688A (en) | Autogenous solar water heater | |
EP2287542A1 (en) | Device comprising a boiler for containing and heating a liquid and a system for containing the liquid at a lower temperature | |
GB1583857A (en) | Two phase thermo-syphon apparatus | |
AU2006203413B2 (en) | A heat sink and a heat exchanger | |
CN1249844A (en) | Nuclear plant | |
US3298431A (en) | Heat transfer system | |
JP2568709B2 (en) | Heat transfer device | |
US2834360A (en) | Heat operated apparatus |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: RHEEM AUSTRALIA PTY LIMITED,AUSTRALIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BOURKE, BRENDAN;HILL, RAYMOND;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070920 TO 20070925;REEL/FRAME:019972/0757 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |