US74612A - Improvement in the manufacture of tin-lined lead pipe - Google Patents

Description

,had to the .tion to each other when formed UNITED 4.STATES PATENT OEEIcE.

` WILLIAMANTHONY SHAW, OF NEW YORK, Ni Y- IMPHOVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE'OF TlN-LlhlED LEAD PIPE.

Spccficatioii forming part of Letters Patent No. 74,612, dated February 18, 1868; aniedatcd February 6, lSGS.

To all whom z'tvmay concern:

Be it known` that I, WILLIAM ANTHONY SHAW, of the city and county of New York, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Maniactiire of Tin-Lined Lead Pipe; and I do hereby declare the following to be a fnll, clear, and exact description of the saine, reference being annexed drawing, making part of this specification, in which the various gures llustrate diiierent modifications of my invenion.

0n the 10th of March, 1863, Letters Patent of the United States were granted tome for my improvement in the manufacture of tinlined lead pipe, which Letters Patent were subsequently assigned and reissued.

j In the machine for which the aforesaid Letters Patent were issued there is but one containing-cylinder, one die, and one ram used, both metals, the tin and the lead, being forced out of the cylinder through the die over the mandrel at one and the same time by the motion of a single ram, the cylinder remaining stationary. In that machine the vrespective ingots of metal have to be made of a peculiar form, and adjusted in respect to each other and the machine with great nicety, to insure a lining of uniform thickness in the pipe.

The tin and the lead being both put in the saine cylinder, the two metals must bear a certain form, proportion, and density in respect `to each other, in the form of ingots, or they will not beartheir proper relation and proporin pipe, because, in forcing an ingot out o f a retainingcylinder through a die by means of a piston or ram, that part of the metal nearest the center. of the'ingot is forced out most rapidly, owing, as 1s supposed, to the greater friction of the metal against the sides and bottom of the cylinder; but, whether this phenomenon be owing to the aforementioned cause or not, its existence remains, and exercises a con trolling influence in the manufacture of tin-lined lead pipe, or any other laminated pipe made 1n this way, when the different metals are put together in one cylinder. In the case of tinlined lead pipe, for example, the lead being farthest from the center or axis of the core, the tin will be forced out most rapidly during the whole of the stroke, and especially toward the last part of it, which will make the lining thick at onejend of the pipe and thin at the other, unless the ingots be made of a peculiar form, density, and proportion in respect to i each other, the dies, and the cylinders. It will therefore be 'readily seen by any one familiar with this branch of the arts that to properly proportion and adjust these ingots, as aforesaid, so as to yield the desired result, will be always difficult, and has hitherto been found impossible. To avoid the necessity for this accuracy in the formation and adjustment lof the respective `ingots, and the consequent uncertainty in themanufacture of the pipe, is one of the objects of this invention.

In the manufacture of pipe after the manner substantially as stated in the patent aforesaid, and in the manufacture of lead pipe after the methodpracticed heretofore, the cylinder of the press is rst charged with the metal to be used, which is Worked oii'. The' cylinder is then charged again, and so on, each succeeding charge being put in the4 cylinder on the top of the preceding one. Now in Working ofi' the'successive charges, the. place of junetion between the old and new charge his plainly visible, the pipe being defective at that point, avery little tortionate strain being necessary to twist it off; and but comparatively little strain is necessary to burst it, so that, practica lly, in the manufacture of lead pipe, as well as tin-lined lead pipe, after the ,pla-n of the patent above alluded to, the pipe has tol be cut in coils equal in length to that produced by the respective charges. i

To overcome this diiculty, and to produce a continuous coil either of lead or leadfincased tin pipe without said defect, is another of the Objects sought to be accomplished by this iinprovement; and a third object is to incase :a tube of lead between two tubes of tin, or, vice versa, a tube of tin between two tubes of lead.

These objects I accomplish by the use of two cylinders, two rains, and two dies, ,coinbiued with one mandrel; and in some cases I propose to use three cylinders, three rains, and three dies, in case Ldesire to use more than two' kinds of metal, or to put a coating of one kind of inetal on both the inside and outside of the pipe or tube, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

In the drawing, Figure I shows a vertical` mentioned combination of rams, dies, cylinmandrel C is then put in its place, and the two 'plied to the cylinder H, which forces the lead section through a press consisting of the aforeders, and mandrel.

`One of the rams, in this modification of my invention, is stationary, and is represented by K; and in the bottom side thereof a cylinder is. formed, in 'which the ram or piston L is fitted, substantially in'the manner shown; a die, D, being fitted in the bottom of the cylinder, through which the tin is forced up around the mandrel C, which is secured in the end of v the ram L and passes up through a hole made through the center of the ram to receive it, said hole being made about equal in diameter to the hole of the die, which is equal to the external diameter of tin lining or tube of tin to be incased in the lead pipe.

rlhe upper cylinder, in this modification of the invention, is represented by H. It is movable, `and is worked up and down on the guiderods I I and the "ram K. In the bottom of said last-mentioned cylinder a die is fitted, which is equal in diameter to the external diameter of the-pipe it is intended to make in the press. The aforesaid cylinder H is operated by means of ahydraulic ram, F, which is made hollow and fitted into' a cylinder, G, which last-mentioned' cylinder is supported upon the columns or guide-rods I I, the lower ram, L, being also operated by means of a hydraulic press of the usual construction.

The operation of this machine will be as follows-that is to say: The rams or pistons. are first drawn out of their respective cylinders. The ingot of tin B and the ingot of lead A are then put in said cylinders, as shown. The

ingots pressed home by puttingA the bottom 11am' andl the top cylinder in motion. The. power is' then applied to the ram L, and the tin forced up through the die D, the ram K, and the ingot of .lead A until it has entered the upper die, D, the hole in A, the lead ingot, being made large enough to allow the tin tube to pass up through it. The power is now apup through the die D and around the tin tube, the motion of the lower ram being continued and adjusted to supply the tin lining as fast as the lead pipe is formed and pressed through the upper die. The pipe thus formed is delivered through the opening E made in the bottom part of the ram F.

The above-described method of charging the press contemplates the casting of the ingots or charge first, and the subsequent introduction of them in therespective cylinders; but a better plan, and the one now pursued, is to first cast the tin into the lower cylinder, through the hole j', and force the tin tube up tothe die D, and then cast the lead in the top cylindcr,through the hole U, on the tin tube, the top cylinder and bottom ram being then simultaneously started, rst allowing the lead timev to cool.' By these means the lead and tin tubes are thoroughly welded together.

'represented byFig. 2, by which is shown a vertical section through the dies, rams, cylinders, and mandrel of a machine differently arranged from those shown in Fig. 1, though embracing essentially the same features. In

this figure G represents the upper cylinder, and K the lower one; F, the upper ram, and L 'the lower one,` A,the lead, and B the tin, ingot; D the top, and D the bottom, die, C representing the mandrel inthis figure, as in Fig. V1.

After the respective ingots or charges have been placed in the machine, as illustrated in the drawing and as described above for the machine illustrated by Fig. 1, the operation of the machine commences by the application of The ram F, in-this case, is made hollow, the4 pipebeing carried 'up through the center thereof, as indicated by the drawing.

The-cylinders illustrated in this figure are simply to/show the relation ofthe dies, cylinders, and rams, omitting to show any means of securing them in the press. This omission, however, will be readily supplied by any one acquainted with the manufacture of hydraulic presses, my invention contemplating nothing but the ordinary mechanical devices for operating the various parts of the machine.

A third medification of my invention is represented in Fig. 3. Here there is, but one cylinder, as such, which is represented by G, the other cylinder being formed in the ram F, which, in this case, fills the double function of ram and cylinder. The lower ram is represented by L, the lead ingot or charge by A, and the tin one by B. The upper die, in this case, as in thetwo former ones, is shown by D', and the lower'one by D.

In operating this machine, the ingots of the two metals are first supplied to their proper cylindersthe same as in the case of the other two machines, after which the rams are moved up against them, as shown in the drawing. The power is then applied to the ram L, and the tin forced up 'through the lead ingot and top die, as inv the other machine. The power is then applied to the ram K, and the lead forced up around the tin tube, the motion of the two rams beingl graduatedl to move in relation to each other, so as to force the two metals through their respective dies with equal velocity, substantially as in the case of the two -moditications of the invention heretofore described. In the figure last described there is also shown a'rolling attachment, consisting of two or four rollers, grooved to span the pipe,

A second` modification of my invention is and` arranged one above the other, as shown by H H H. The object of theserollers is to catch the pipe and draw it down -on the mandrel, in case of need, tothe size required.

A fourth` modification of my invention is shown by Fig. 4, which` is, perhaps, rather ank extension of the invention than'a modiiication of it, the object in this case being to press a coating of tin on the outside of the pipe, as well as on the inside thereof, or, in other words, t9 fgrm a laminated pipe4 consisting of three tubes, disposed one inside of the other.

` receive a smaller ram, L. In the upper end of the ram L the mandrel C is fitted, and arranged to reach up through the center of the main cylinders, and has large rams. In the end ofthe ram H a die, D", is fitted, through `which the outside coating of tin is pressed,

and in the' partition ofthe main cylinder ay die, D', .is "fitted, through which the lead is pressed;V and rin the bottomlof theram F a` die, D, is fitted, through which the inside coatiirg of tin is pressed, the two ingots of tin being represented by B B, and the ingot of lead by A.' Y

In practicing this modification of my invention, the cylinder is first charged with the respective metals, the same as in the case of the machines heretofore described. The vpower is then applied to the ram L, by which the tin tube is pressed up around the mandrel until it reaches the die D' of the lead ingot A, when the power is applied' to the ram F, which moves forward with'the ram L, forcing the tin and lead tubes forward, together until they reach the die D,whereupon the ram H is put in motion,which forces atube of tin up around the lead, the motion of the three rams being graduated with respect to each other to force the respective metals forwardl around thc mandrel with equal velocities'.

By means of this invention it will be seen th layers of the different metals forming the e will be of uniform thickness through its entire length whatever mav be the shape, size,

or density of the different ingots or charges,

. and that the charge of tin-may be made large enough to'work off two or three charges of lead; or the lead charge may be made large enough to work olf two or three charges of tin, by which means a continuous length of laminated pipe can .be formed, avoiding entirely the defect in thepi pe resulting from the failure of the successive charges to unite, as iu the ordinary pipe-press. This feature of my invention is, of course, just as applicable to the manufacture of lead pipe as lead-incased tin pipe; for, instead of charging one cylinder with lead andthe other with tin, they may both, or all three, be charged with lead in different quantities,1hus enabling the operator to make acontinuous lengthor coil of lead pipe by first workin g ofi?` the smallest charge, which, being renewed, will work off the nent largestV charge, and so on continuously, breaking the joints in the different layers of metal composing the pipe. i

The drawing shows thc presses, illustrating the different modifications of my invention, standing in a vertical position, and the description has been confined, for the most part', to the use of lead andtin; but it is my intention, in case of need, to set the presses on a horizontal or diagonal plane, and to use any of the soft pressible metals or their alloys in stead of those referred to above.

The various methols of practicing my invention, which I have herein shown and dcscribed,do notinclude every modificationwhich may be made to embrace the essential elements of theinvention but enough has been shown and described to illustrate the advantage and utility of my invention and the almost infinite modifications of which it is susceptible. Y

The principal features which characterize theinventiontare,irst, the manufacturing of tin-lin ed lead pipe, or lead-incased tin pipe, by

forcing the two metals or their alloys together in the form of a laminated pipe out of two separate cylinders andthrough as many separatedies, instead of forcing them together out of one cylinder and throu h one die, asis the casein the patent alluded to; and, second, in the manufacture of laminated pipe, consisting, first, of av tube of tin, then a tube of lead, and then a tube of tin again,duly welded together, or the alloys of said metals, by forcing said metals together in the form of pipe, as aforesaid. The drawing shows amethod of doing this out of three cylinders; but itl will readily be seen that either two of the metals may be y put together in one cylinder and the third metal in a4 second cylinder, and so pressed to-y gether, substantially in the manner already described. But all these different modifications embody the same general principle of Y operation, and 'so fall within the scope of my invention, which `also includes thefmanufac-v ture of a continuous length of laminated pipe, whether composed of tin and lead, or pure tin, or other metal suitable for this purpose.

In stating my claim, therefore, I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself `to any particular mechanical modification embodying the aforementioned principle of operation but What I claim, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is- Y 1. The formation of a metallic pipe by forcing two or more of the ductile metals together in the form of tubes overa mandrel or core, ont of two or more cylinders, and through, on, or in two or moredies, substantially as de-f scribed. Y y y,

2. The use of two or more cylinders, two or more rams, and two or more dies, or their equivalents, when combined with a mandrel f tube of lead presse between two tubes of tin,

by forming and forcing them together through -three dies, ont of three cylinders, over one core or mandrel, in the manner described.

4. In combination with a pipe-press, a set of-drawing or stretching rollers, for the purpose of drawing or stretching the pipe on the mandrel or core as it issues from' the'press, substantially as described.

5. Themannfactnreof a continuous metal pipe, whether of lead or of composition, from metal disposed in two or more retaining-cylinders, by forcing it out of the same in the form of two or more tubes, over a mandrel or core, and in such proportion that the retaining-cylinders shall not both or all be exhausted at the same time, so as to avoid the defect in the pipe resulting from the failure of the successive charges to thoroughly weld, as in the ordinary press, substantially as described.

WM. ANTHONY SHAW.

Witnesses:

P. D. KENNY, AMos BROADNAX.

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