WO2015149193A1

WO2015149193A1 - Coating for external surfaces such as building façades

Info

Publication number: WO2015149193A1
Application number: PCT/CL2015/050010
Authority: WO
Inventors: Camila Francisca MANFREDI SANTI; Gastón MARTINEZ RUIZ; Iván JIMENEZ MATURANA
Original assignee: Universidad De Santiago De Chile
Priority date: 2014-04-04
Filing date: 2015-04-01
Publication date: 2015-10-08
Also published as: CL2014000846A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coating for external surfaces such as building façades enabling sun control by shading the rooms of a building, transforming the latter into spaces that are more comfortable for the occupants thereof, which is made up of a plurality of textile sheets which have cuts and folds, making up diamond-shaped basic units. Said façade coating is constructed using basic units (17) made up of two textile sheets (1), a first upper sheet (A) and a second lower sheet (B), in which the second lower sheet (B) is inverted by 180º with respect to the first upper sheet (A), and in which the first and second sheets (A, B) are connected at a third transverse central lower fold (13a) of the first upper sheet (A) and a third transverse central lower fold (13b) of the second lower sheet (B), in which a sixth transverse central lower fold (14a) of the first upper sheet (A) and a sixth transverse central lower fold (14b) of the sheet (B) are also connected, generating a first joint (15) and a second joint (16), making up said basic unit (17).

Description

COATING FOR EXTERNAL SURFACES AS FACADES

OF BUILDINGS TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an ultra-light solar control system that regulates the interior temperature of a building's enclosures through shading, transforming these places into more comfortable spaces for its occupants, which is made up of a plurality of textile sheets that have cuts and folds, forming basic units that have the rhomboid shape. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Today it is recurring to see how the new buildings that are being built are increasingly transparent, which use the Curtain Wall system (glass facades) in an excessive way. It is necessary to emphasize that its development is a technology studied for the cold regions of northern Europe and the United States, due to its potential for solar collection. Berlin, capital of Germany, is one of the pioneer cities in the use of the Curtain Wall. Its latitude is 52 ° 31 ^' N; if we place it in the southern hemisphere, its latitude is similar to that of Punta Arenas, Chile (53 ° 10 ^' S); that is, the solar contribution is the same in both latitudes. But Santiago, meanwhile, has a latitude equivalent to Casablanca, Morocco. (33 ° 26 ^' S)

Therefore, in Santiago a construction system designed for cold countries has been used but, but being located at latitude 33 ° 26 ^' S receives an excessive amount of solar radiation, causing interior temperatures above the comfort range, range that goes between 18 ° C and 24 ° C (ASHRAE, 55-1992), forcing users to use cooling systems constantly, even in the winter months, causing sequelae both in the environment, as a result of high energy expenditure, as in the occupants of the building, for being forced to work in unhealthy enclosures.

At latitude 33 ° 26 ^' S, a significant importance should be assigned to shading and ventilation in hot periods, to maintain comfortable temperatures but, without neglecting solar collection, in cold periods. Assuming this, it is observed that it is necessary to solve the problem of controlling the temperature in a passive way by means of a solar control system for building facades, consisting of a plurality of textile sheets that they have cuts and folds, forming basic units that have the rhomboid shape.

Through an experimental design process several models were made, reaching different procedures for configuring a frame: through cuts and folds, joining folded linear elements, and through the union of a single repeated element "n" amount of times. From the previous experimental analysis, the rhomboidal shape was found to be one of the most efficient for the control of shading and lighting of the enclosure.

The geometry that the rhombus has, is able to block the sun's rays in the previous periods, and after noon, that is, in the mornings and afternoons. This is fundamental, since in these periods, the sun's rays have a high concentration of energy, that is why the geometry of the rhombus has a high efficiency percentage compared to the other systems.

In Winter, the situation is different. In that period it is important to capture the greatest amount of energy, in order to increase the indoor temperature of the enclosures, and not generate an increase in energy consumption due to heating demand.

The rhombus, blocks the energy of the morning and the afternoon, but lets the solar rays pass in the period in which they have a lot of energy, in the hours close to noon (between 1 1: 30 and 14 : 30 hrs.).

In the state of the art there have been some attempts to use the geometry of the rhombus in facade cladding. Thus, for example, document CA21 14485 discloses a coating for the outer face of the vertical or inclined walls, composed of identical elements of quadratic panels, placed with their diagonals parallel to the edges of the wall, and of triangular elements, whose shape corresponds to the triangles generated by the division of the quadratic elements once or twice along their diagonals. The triangular elements are placed along the edges and corners of the wall and provide in a hung and folded manner at 90 ^Q which serves to be fixed along the edges of the wall. All the edges of the panel elements parallel to the diagonals of the quadratic elements are provided with bends folded at an angle of 180 ^Q , which can slide one inside the other, whereby the edge folds point towards the bottom of the wall that are folded outward and the folds of the edges down, towards the bottom of the wall that bend inwards. The cladding is laid starting with a first row of triangular elements along the bottom of the wall. The next row of quadratic and triangular elements is deployed and fixed to the first row by sliding the folds into each other, fixing on the top of the quadratic elements by nails or pins. After covering the entire wall in this manner, a continuous coating is obtained that is impervious to water along the wall. The panel elements different from the quadratic can be, for example, the shape of a rhombus, combined with triangular elements that can be divided diagonally.

Document ES 222191 1 discloses a cladding for facades in the form of a rhombus shaped as a diamond which has edge strips on its four longitudinal sides, of which the edge strips that are mounted above a plane in a state of being mounted The central transverse are flanged forward, in the direction of the environment forming a fold of about 180 ^Q , and the other edge strips located below the central transverse plane are flanged forming a fold of approximately 180 ^Q back in the opposite direction. towards a bearing surface on a roof or on a facade, the length of the shingle being measured in the central longitudinal plane greater than the width measured in the central transverse plane, characterized in that the lower peripheral area of the shingle that bridges the longitudinal plane central between the front faces neighboring each other of the edge strips beaded back towards the surface The support is rounded convexly, because in the rounded lower peripheral area of the shingle a flange folded back approximately 90 ^{Q is provided} towards the support surface, and because the lower front faces of the rear edge strips located below from the central transverse plane, they are provided at a right angle with their free longitudinal edges approximately in the transitions of the rounded lower peripheral area of the shingle to the lower longitudinal faces of the shingle.

KR201001 15605 documents; KR201001 15607 and USD663147 disclose structures that are made up of a plurality of tubular elements that have a longitudinal section in a rhomboid shape, which is fixed or stretchable, leaving a surface such as a window, wall or facade with the condition of open or closed to the passage of solar rays, without having a means of regulating the shadow.

Therefore, one of the fundamental objectives of this invention is to provide an exterior cladding for buildings with a diamond pattern, which substantially improves the degree of shadow of the facade, in order to lower the interior temperature of the enclosures.

Another objective of the coating of the present invention is to provide an ability not to block the view, that is, it maintains an excellent visual relationship with the outside.

Another objective of the coating of the present invention is that it has the installed capacity of being collapsible, that is, significantly reducing its size.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to show one of the embodiments of this invention and explain the principles thereof.

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a composite textile or textile sheet forming a basic unit for forming the facade coating of the present invention.

Figure 2A shows a perspective view of a textile sheet with the necessary cuts to form a basic unit to form the facade covering of the present invention.

Figure 2B shows a perspective view of a textile sheet consisting of three strips to form a basic unit for forming the facade covering of the present invention.

Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a textile sheet with the cuts and folds necessary to form a basic unit to form the facade covering of the present invention.

Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a first textile sheet with the cuts and folds with a second inverted textile sheet with the cuts and folds necessary to form a basic unit to form the facade coating of the present invention. Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a basic unit for shaping the facade cladding of the present invention.

Figure 6 shows a sequential perspective view to form a basic unit for forming a facade cladding of the present invention.

Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the facade cladding of the present invention.

Figure 8 shows a front elevation view of the facade cladding of the present invention.

Figure 9 shows a side view of the facade cladding of the present invention.

Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the facade cladding of the present invention, placed at the bottom of a facade.

Figure 1 1 shows a perspective view of the facade cladding of the present invention, placed on top of a facade.

Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the facade cladding of the present invention, placed in the middle part of a facade.

Figure 13 shows a front elevation view of the shadow, in a first solar position, generated on a facade using an eave.

Figure 14 shows a front elevation view of the shadow, in a first solar position, generated on a facade using horizontal slats.

Figure 15 shows a front elevation view of the shadow, in a first solar position, generated on a facade using the facade coating of the present invention.

Figure 16 shows a front elevation view of the shadow, in a second solar position, generated on a facade using an eave.

Figure 17 shows a front elevation view of the shadow, in a second solar position, generated on a facade using horizontal slats.

Figure 18 shows a front elevation view of the shadow, in a second solar position, generated on a facade using the facade cladding of the present invention.

Figure 19 shows a rear elevation view of the coating of the present invention, where its high degree of visual permeability is appreciated. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the present invention relates to a facade cladding that is formed by a rectangular textile sheet (1), which, like any rectangle, has a first major edge; a second major edge, a first minor edge and a second minor edge. Said textile sheet (1) has a first linear cut (2) located parallel to the first major edge of the rectangle and perpendicular to the first minor edge of the rectangle; a second linear cut (3) located parallel to the second major edge of the rectangle and perpendicular to the first minor edge of the rectangle; a third linear cut (4) located parallel to the first major edge of the rectangle and perpendicular to the second minor edge of the rectangle; and a fourth linear cut (5) located parallel to the second major edge of the rectangle and perpendicular to the second minor edge of the rectangle.

In the central area of the first major edge of the rectangle and first linear cut (2) a first superior central double transverse (9) is located; in the central area of the second major edge of the rectangle and the second linear cut (3) a second upper transverse central double (10) is located; and in the central zone of the first linear cut (2) and the second linear cut (3) a third lower transverse central double (13) is located.

In the central area of the first major edge of the rectangle and the third linear cut (4) a fourth superior central transverse double is located (1 1); in the central zone of the second major edge of the rectangle and the fourth linear cut (5) a fifth superior transverse central double (12) is located; and in the central zone of the third linear cut (4) and the fourth linear cut (5) a sixth lower central transversal is located (14).

These cuts and folds generate a first outer fin (7); a second outer fin (8) and a central fin (6).

As shown in Figure 2B, the textile sheet (1) can be formed by three strips (1 a, 1 b, 1 c), side by side, joined together by gluing, hot melting or sewing on the central (6) and outer (7, 8) fins.

The width of the folds (13, 14) has to be greater than the folds (9, 10, 1 1 and 12) so that it has a greater capacity for sun block. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, to form a basic unit (17) of the facade cladding, once the textile sheets (1) are cut and folded, it is necessary to join two textile sheets (1), a first top sheet (A) and a second bottom sheet (B), wherein the second bottom sheet (B) is inverted 180 ^Q relative to the first top sheet (A). The joining of the first and second sheets (A, B) is done by gluing or welding by hot melting or sewing a third lower central double cross section (13a) of the first upper sheet (A) and a third lower central double cross section (13b) of the second lower sheet (B). To complete said joint, also by gluing or welding by hot melting or sewing, a sixth double lower central cross (14a) of the first upper sheet (A) and a sixth double lower central cross (14b) of the sheet are joined (B), generating a first joint (15) and a second joint (16), thereby forming a basic unit (17) of the facade cladding of the present invention.

A complete sequence of the conformation of the basic unit (17) is shown in Figure 6.

A plurality of basic units (17) can be joined by gluing or hot melting, or sewing their outer fins (7, 8), side by side, in such a way to form a row the width of the facade (18) to cover. Another alternative of shaping this row is to take an elongated textile sheet (1), just over the width of the facade (18), and on it, make a plurality of linear cuts (2, 3, 4, 5 ) and a plurality of folds (9, 10, 1 1, 12, 13, 14) in such a way to form said row at once, wherein said row has the width of the surface of the facade (18) to be covered .

The ready-made rows are joined on top of each other, by gluing or welding by hot melting or sewing, through their lower folds (13a, 13b, 14a, 14b), until reaching the height of the facade (18) to be covered, forming thus a coating (20), as shown in figures 7, 8 and 9.

Figures 10, 1, 1 and 12 show one of the assembly embodiments of the covering (20) for a facade (18). In the lower area of the façade (18) a plurality of lower brackets (22) adhere, on which a lower support profile (23) is attached. In the upper area of the facade (18) a plurality of squares are adhered upper (24), on which a support profile is attached upper (25). In the middle portion of the façade (18), towards the sides of it, supports (19) are placed from which a bar (27) is projected that supports horizontal braces (26), thereby generating a support structure of the covering ( twenty). The covering (20) is hung from the support structure, using a plurality of vertical cables (21), which cross the fins (6, 7, 8) of the basic unit (17). Additionally, geometric limiters (28) can be added to the coating (20), as shown in Figures 1 1 and 12.

The efficiency of the shadow generated by the present invention is shown on the comparison made with the shadows generated by an eave and horizontal slats, according to figures 13 to 18.

Figure 13 shows the position of the sun (29) which is equivalent to March 21 at 10:00 a.m., impacting on a facade (18) that has an eave (30) at the top, to cover the action of the sun (29). From the rectangular surface of the facade (18) a triangular lateral lower portion (32) cannot be covered by the eave (30) generating a sunny area. Only the upper trapecial lateral portion (31) of the facade (18) is covered by the eave (30) generating a shaded area.

Figure 14 shows the position of the sun (29) which is equivalent to March 21 at 10:00 a.m., impacting on a facade (18) that has a plurality of horizontal slats (33) frontally, to cover the action of the sun (29). From the rectangular surface of the facade (18) an alternate plurality of smaller rectangular divisions (35) cannot be covered by the plurality of horizontal slats (33) generating alternate sunny areas. Only an alternate plurality of larger rectangular divisions (34) of the facade (18) is covered by the plurality of horizontal slats (33), generating alternate shaded areas.

Figure 15 shows the position of the sun (29) which is equivalent to March 21 at 10:00 a.m., impacting on a facade (18) that has the cover (22) of the present invention frontally, to cover the action of the sun (29). This covering (22), which extends throughout the facade (18), generates a shaded area (36) that is equivalent to almost the entire front of the facade (18), observing minimal sunny irregular areas (43). It is important to note that the coating (22), being made up of basic units (17) that frontally generate voids with rhomboid shaped surfaces, allows the passage of light, without affecting the lighting of the interior enclosure to the facade (18).

Figure 16 shows the position of the sun (37) that is equivalent to September 21 at 4:00 p.m., impacting on a facade (18) that has an eave (30) at the top, to cover the action of the sun (29). From the rectangular surface of the façade (18) a trapecial lateral lower portion (39) cannot be covered by the eave (30) generating a sunny area. Only the upper trapecial lateral portion (38) of the facade (18) is covered by the eave (30), generating a shaded area.

Figure 17 shows the position of the sun (37) that is equivalent to September 21 at 4:00 p.m., impacting on a facade (18) that has a plurality of horizontal slats (33) frontally, to cover the action of the sun (29). From the rectangular surface of the facade (18) an alternate plurality of smaller rectangular divisions (41) cannot be covered by the plurality of horizontal slats (33) generating alternate sunny areas. Only an alternate plurality of larger rectangular divisions (40) of the facade (18) is covered by the plurality of horizontal slats (33), generating alternate shaded areas.

Figure 18 shows the position of the sun (37) that is equivalent to September 21 at 4:00 p.m., having an impact on a facade (18) that has the covering (22) of the present invention frontally, to cover the action of the sun (29). This covering (22), which extends throughout the façade (18), generates a surplus area (42) that is equivalent to almost the entire front of the façade (18), observing only minimal, regular, sunny areas (44).

With the foregoing, the effectiveness of the coating (22) of the present invention is demonstrated, above the prior art.

On the other hand, referring to Figure 19, which shows a subsequent elevation, demonstrates that the coating of the present invention has a high degree of visual permeability, since the view from inside a building is practically unaffected. While it is true that one of the characteristics of this invention is that the coating is collapsible given the flexibility of a fabric, it is possible to stiffen its construction using non-textile materials.

Claims

1 .- A coating (22) for exterior surfaces such as facades (18) of buildings that allows solar control through shading, CHARACTERIZED because said coating is formed:

by a rectangular textile sheet (1), which has a first major edge; a second major edge, a first minor edge and a second minor edge;

said textile sheet (1) has a first linear cut (2) located parallel to the first major edge of the rectangle and perpendicular to the first minor edge of the rectangle; a second linear cut (3) located parallel to the second major edge of the rectangle and perpendicular to the first minor edge of the rectangle; a third linear cut (4) located parallel to the first major edge of the rectangle and perpendicular to the second minor edge of the rectangle; and a fourth linear cut (5) located parallel to the second major edge of the rectangle and perpendicular to the second minor edge of the rectangle;

where in the central area of the first major edge of the rectangle and first linear cut (2) a first superior central double transverse (9) is located; in the central area of the second major edge of the rectangle and the second linear cut (3) a second upper transverse central double (10) is located; and in the central zone of the first linear cut (2) and the second linear cut (3) a third lower central transversal double (13) is located;

where in the central area of the first major edge of the rectangle and third linear cut (4) a fourth superior central transverse double is located (1 1); in the central zone of the second major edge of the rectangle and the fourth linear cut (5) a fifth superior central transverse double is located (10); and in the central zone of the third linear cut (4) and the fourth linear cut (5) a sixth lower central transversal is located (14).

said cuts and folds generate a first outer fin (7); a second outer fin (8) and a central fin (6);

wherein said facade cladding is constructed with basic units (17) consisting of two textile sheets (1), a first top sheet (A) and a second bottom sheet (B), wherein the second bottom sheet (B) is inverted 180 ^Q with respect to the first upper sheet (A), in which the first and second sheets (A, B) are joined in a third double lower central transverse (13a) of the first upper sheet (A) and a third lower central double transverse (13b) of the second lower sheet (B), where a sixth lower central double cross (14a) of the first upper sheet (A) are also joined and of a sixth transverse central lower double (14b) of the sheet (B), generating a first joint (15) and a second joint (16), said basic unit (17) being formed;

where basic units (17) are joined side by side, in such a way to form a row the width of the facade (18) to be covered; Y

where the rows join one over another, through their lower folds (13a, 13b, 14a, 14b), until reaching the height of the facade (18) to cover, thus forming the covering (22).

2. - A coating (22) for facades (18), according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that textile sheet (1) can be formed by three strips (1 a, 1 b, 1 c), side by side, joined together by gluing, hot melting or sewing on the central (6) and outer (7, 8) fins.

3. - A coating (22) for facades (18), according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the row is also made with an elongated textile sheet (1), just over the width of the facade (18), and on it , a plurality of linear cuts (2, 3, 4, 5) and a plurality of folds (9, 10, 1 1, 12, 13, 14) are made, wherein said row has the width of the facade (18) To cover.

4. - A coating (22) for facades (18), according to claim 1, 2 or 3, CHARACTERIZED because the joints are made by hot bonding or sewing.

5. - A coating (22) for facades (18), according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the width of the folds (13, 14) must be greater than the folds (9, 10, 1 1 and 12) so that it has a greater capacity of sun block.

6. - A coating (22) for facades (18), according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the coating material can be not only textile.