WO2016075626A1 - Brick-type structural element for securing electrical, optical, electronic and electromechanical elements - Google Patents

Brick-type structural element for securing electrical, optical, electronic and electromechanical elements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016075626A1
WO2016075626A1 PCT/IB2015/058687 IB2015058687W WO2016075626A1 WO 2016075626 A1 WO2016075626 A1 WO 2016075626A1 IB 2015058687 W IB2015058687 W IB 2015058687W WO 2016075626 A1 WO2016075626 A1 WO 2016075626A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brick
construction
housing
structural element
structural
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2015/058687
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alejandro Velasquez Lopez
Andrea LÓPEZ GÓMEZ
Vanessa ORTÍZ RÍOS
Juan David GONZÁLEZ MARTÍNEZ
Juan Sebastián AMAYA QUIROZ
Original Assignee
Universidad Eafit
Tecnologías Marte S.A.S.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Eafit, Tecnologías Marte S.A.S. filed Critical Universidad Eafit
Publication of WO2016075626A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016075626A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to installation systems of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these, in exteriors of constructions. More particularly modular systems of photovoltaic cells, for the collection of solar energy on building facades.
  • US 7592537B1 An example of current solar panel installation systems on vertical building surfaces is US 7592537B1, where a photovoltaic module assembly system is disclosed where each module functions as a separate part. Each module has a frame that receives the photovoltaic cell and allows it to be installed in any structure, in turn said frame has an adjustment system that allows you to adjust the same module adjacently on any of its side walls. Its main problem is that it is absolutely necessary to add an extra structure to the wall of the building, adding weight and covering any type of aesthetic finish that was found in said facade.
  • US 20140007528 A1 discloses a system consisting of a frame that supports a solar panel, where said frame can be installed in the structure of the building, particularly in bricks. Here we also observe how the system is intended as an addition to the structure of the building.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a modality of the brick-type structural element for construction and its components.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded front and rear perspective view of a modality of the brick-like structural element for construction and its components.
  • FIG. 3 shows a front view and a cut of the support cover and its components.
  • FIG. 4 shows a view of an example of a structure made with brick structural elements for construction.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cut of the union of three structural brick-like structural elements for construction.
  • FIG. 6 shows a side view of one modality of the structural brick type structural element.
  • FIG. 7 shows a front perspective view of a modality of the brick-type structural element for construction and its components.
  • FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a component in one embodiment of the brick-like structural element for construction.
  • FIG. 9 shows a side view of two structural brick-type structural elements.
  • FIG. 10 shows two sets of brick-like structural elements for construction aligned and locked.
  • the present invention consists of a brick-like structural element for construction, which has on one of its faces electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, this being the face of the brick-like structural element for construction that faces the exterior or facade of the construction where it is installed. In one mode it is designed for the installation of photovoltaic cells on building facades and thus collect solar energy and transform it into electrical energy.
  • the brick-type structural element for construction is mainly composed of a housing with its open front face, where this open face receives a support cover that contains the electrical, optical elements, electronic, electromechanical or a combination of these.
  • the structural brick-type structural element is designed to form structures with a tessellated pattern, combining with each other or with traditional blocks or bricks, using construction methods, such as mortar bonding between the elements.
  • the housing has connection holes in its lateral faces, which allow that when generating a structure with multiple structural brick-like structural elements, these can be connected in series or in parallel, allowing the generated structure to function as an electrical system unified. Additionally, said connection holes allow the passage of cables or structural elements between one element and another.
  • the support cover that contains the electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, is assembled to the housing by means of a mechanical system that allows it to be removed at the moment when it would be necessary to replace or manipulate any internal element of the system.
  • the present invention consists of a structural brick-like structural element (1) that allows the fixing of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these to the facade of a building using traditional construction methods.
  • the brick-like structural element for construction (1) comprises: A housing (2) with dimensions and properties similar to those of a traditional brick, as soon as it is integrated into the wall and fixed with mortar, which makes it compatible with traditional bricks or building blocks (15), both in its procedure of installation as in its mechanical and thermal properties.
  • said housing (2) is open on its front face.
  • connection hole (3) in one of the faces of the housing to allow the passage of cables between the elements and thus make connections between the structural elements type bricks for construction (1).
  • This connection hole (3) will allow series or parallel connections to be made of the structural brick-like structural elements (1) depending on the electrical power and voltage that needs to be supplied.
  • a support cover (4) that is assembled once the housing (2) is installed. This supports an element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these (7).
  • This support cover (4) will be designed according to the element to be installed, in the case of photovoltaic cells, these are embedded in the support cover (4).
  • the support cover (4) has fasteners (5) that mechanically assemble it to the housing (2) by means of retention elements (6) that are in the housing (2) and receive said fasteners (5), such that the support cover (4) is covering the open front face of the housing (2).
  • said mechanical assembly between the support cover (4) and the housing (2), made by means of the fasteners (5) and the retention elements (6) is a snap-fit type joining system. or clip.
  • the support cover (4) has an electrical connection element (8), which allows the connection between the electrical, optical elements, electronic, electromechanical or a combination of these (7) found in the support cover (4) and the cables inside the housing (2).
  • said electrical connection element (8) is composed of a receiving element (9) located in the housing (2), which is connected to the internal cables of the housing (2) and receives a connector (10) located in the support cover (4) and connected to the electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these (7).
  • the material of the receiving element (9) and the connector (10) is conductive, which allows once the internal cables of the housing (2) are connected to the receiving element (9) and this to the connector ( 10) located in the support cover (4), everything is interconnected with each other and the system works as a set when several bricks are connected to each other either in parallel, in series or in a series-parallel combination.
  • the support cover (4) has a rubber gasket (14), since the assembly must be precise and hermetic, since the front face of the housing (2) which is the one that receives the support cover (4), it is installed outside the facade, since the photovoltaic modules must be exposed to the weather to capture solar radiation and if the assembly is not hermetic, this can cause problems with the electrical system when subjected to the inclement environment. Additionally, the support cover (4) can have an inclination angle of 0 e to 60 e with respect to an imaginary vertical line (20) that is perpendicular to the lower face of the housing (2), as illustrated in the FIG. 6.
  • the structural brick-like structural elements (1) make it possible to connect with each other, facilitating the electrical connections between them, mainly by generating arrangements of elements that contain photovoltaic modules for the capture of solar radiation. Taking into account that the element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, is a photovoltaic cell.
  • the shape of the housing (2) coincides with the shape of the other traditional bricks or building blocks (15) that will be integrated into the facade according to the architect's design.
  • the brick-type structural element for construction (1) is in the form of a straight parallelepiped, as are most traditional building blocks (15). As illustrated in FIG. 4, the brick-like structural elements for construction (1) must be located adjacent to each other, so the shape must allow them to fit together and with the traditional building blocks (15).
  • the structural brick-type structural element (1) must be installed with an initial cover (16), covering the open face of the housing (2), which resists environmental conditions and the handling that is given during construction, in addition to said cover initial (16) prevents the construction (2) of the construction elements such as mortar pits.
  • This initial cover (16) must be removed from the housing (2) to allow the connection between the structural brick-like structural elements (1) by means of cables and thus give the desired electrical configuration and then the open front face of the housing ( 2) will be covered by the support cover (4).
  • the housing (2) has two connection holes (3) located on its upper face and two connection holes (3) located on its lower face, said connection holes (3) are aligned in pairs.
  • connection holes (3) coincide between the brick-like structural elements for construction (1) used in said structure with a tessellated type pattern, so that one of the connection holes (3) for example the one on the right side located at the upper face coincides with the left connection hole (3) of the lower face of another structural brick-like structural element and with the right connection hole (3) of the lower face of another structural brick-like structural element (1 ).
  • a framework of three structural brick-type structural elements (1) would be obtained, which, being contiguously, allow cables to pass between them.
  • the coincidence of the connection holes (3) between the brick-like structural elements for construction (1) allows the passage of other structural elements such as steel bars or components necessary for construction, such as pipes for the electrical connections of the building.
  • the housing has a connection hole (3) located on the right side face and a connection hole (3) located on the left side face, where these are aligned horizontally, allowing communication between a structural brick type construction element (1) and another, this coincidence of the connection holes (3) between the brick structural elements for construction (1) allows the passage of other structural elements such as steel bars or components necessary for the construction, as a pipe for the electrical connections of the building.
  • the carcass (2) has structural ribs (17) in its interior for the present invention it will be understood by structural ribs internal walls of material that allow to increase the structural resistance of the external walls of the carcass (2) .
  • the structural nerves (17) are parallel to the lateral faces and join the upper face of the housing (2) with the lower face of the housing (2), increasing its structural strength, but located in such a way that they do not obstruct the connection holes (3) and allow cables to pass between yes.
  • the structural ribs (17) are located in such a way that in configurations of locked or aligned bricks, said structural ribs (17) coincide vertically with the structural ribs of the immediately superior and inferior brick. In this way vertical structural loads are better conducted. In the same way, this attribute facilitates the installation process, since it acts as an alignment reference of one row with respect to the other.
  • the unit compressive strength of the brick-like structural element was greater than 120kN, in a test carried out in a hydraulic press following the NTC 4017 procedure whereby 5 bricks with weights of 6007gr, 5697gr, 5844gr, 5832gr and 5897gr that respectively resisted a compression load of 247.4kN, 155.3kN, 146.1 kN, 130.9kN and 186.2kN.
  • the housing (2) has striated surfaces (18) on its external faces. Said striated surfaces allow the mortar to adhere to the brick-like structural element for construction (1).
  • the faces of the housing (2) that must be striated will be those that come into contact with the mortar, in one embodiment of the invention the lateral, upper and lower faces must have said striated surfaces (18), in one embodiment. of the invention, the rear face of the housing (2) will be the one with said grooved surface (18) in the event that a brick-like structural element for construction (1) is used as a veneer-like facade cladding.
  • These striated surfaces (18) are made in the horizontal direction on the upper and lower face of the housing (2) and are carried out in the vertical direction on the lateral faces of the housing (2), thus generating a greater mechanical resistance in the structure.
  • said grooved surfaces (18) are made on the rear face of the housing (2) they will be carried out in a horizontal direction to improve the resistance of the grip to the surface being coated.
  • the housing (2) has a connection hole (3) located in its rear face. This hole is initially covered and will only be used if cables need to be passed from inside the housing (2) into the building, for example to connect the element that will consume the energy generated by the photovoltaic modules.
  • the housing (2) has two rings (19) that protrude from the upper face and each one surrounds a connection hole (3) located in the upper face.
  • said rings (19) that are located on the upper face of a brick-like structural element for construction (1) enter the connection holes (3) that are located on the underside of the other structural brick-like structural element (1), this creates a tunnel or duct between the two elements allowing the connection between them and preventing the mortar from entering into the housing (2).
  • the housing (2) has a ring (19) that protrudes from the right side face and surrounds the connection hole (3) located on the right side face.
  • This ring (19) will be located only on one of the faces, either the right side or the left side, so that when the structural brick-like structural elements (1) are aligned, the ring (19) on the right side of a brick-like structural element for construction (1) will be flush with the connection hole (3) on the left side of the brick-like structural element for construction (1) adjacent to it.
  • the ring (19) functions as a tunnel between one element and another since it is embedded within the mortar, allowing the passage of cables for the connection between a brick-type structural element for construction (1) and another, the ring (19) serves as a guide to preserve the same distance between the lateral faces of the different brick-type structural elements for construction (1 ) adjacent to each other, and also prevents the mortar from entering the housing (2).
  • the sheet of insulating material (1 1) that protects the photovoltaic cell is made of an insulating material, which insulates the electrical part and protects the electrical components from any type of moisture.
  • the insulating material is rubber.
  • the front cover (13) is made of Polycarbonate, material that can be completely transparent, smooth and when molded with specific shapes by means of an injection process allows to refract light.
  • the front cover (13) injected in polycarbonate has relief profiles (21) designed to optimize the sunlight received thanks to its prism shape and taking advantage of the refractive properties of the material.
  • the front cover (13) has a central channel (22) and lower inclinations (23) that form a fall to two waters responsible for directing the flow of any liquid that may have fallen on the external surface of the brick , including rainwater, and thus not allowing the accumulation of water on the brick-like structural element.
  • the front cover (13) has an inclination of 1 or 25 ° with respect to the imaginary vertical line (20), to ensure the fluidity of any liquid that falls on it. Additionally, the front cover (13) has an upper flange (24) and a lower flange (25), to place a brick-like structural element on another, the upper flange (24) from the one located below it overlaps with the lower tab (25) of the one located above, preventing the entry of any liquid or foreign element.

Abstract

The present invention consists of a brick-type structural element for construction, the front side of which structural element comprises electrical, optical, electronic and electromechanical elements, or a combination thereof. The front side of the brick-type structural element for construction faces the exterior or façade of the construction in which the structural element is installed. In one embodiment, the invention can be used to install photovoltaic cells in construction façades for harvesting solar energy.

Description

ELEMENTO ESTRUCTURAL TIPO LADRILLO QUE PERMITE LA FIJACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS ELÉCTRICOS, ÓPTICOS, ELECTRÓNICOS Y  BRICK TYPE STRUCTURAL ELEMENT THAT ALLOWS THE SETTING OF ELECTRICAL, OPTICAL, ELECTRONIC AND
ELECTROMECÁNICOS 1. Campo de la invención  ELECTROMECHANICS 1. Field of the invention
La presente invención se refiere en general a sistemas de instalación de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos, en exteriores de construcciones. Más particularmente sistemas modulares de celdas fotovoltaicas, para la recolección de energía solar en fachadas de edificaciones. The present invention relates generally to installation systems of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these, in exteriors of constructions. More particularly modular systems of photovoltaic cells, for the collection of solar energy on building facades.
2. Descripción del estado del arte En las zonas urbanas es cada vez más reducida el área disponible para instalar granjas solares, por eso se busca aprovechar las superficies verticales, características de zonas urbanas altamente pobladas, generando energía por medio del uso de tecnologías fotovoltaicas, tanto para la venta de excedentes de energía como para el autoconsumo en el cual se aprovecha su cercanía al lugar donde se implementa la energía eléctrica. 2. Description of the state of the art In urban areas the area available to install solar farms is increasingly reduced, so it is sought to take advantage of vertical surfaces, characteristics of highly populated urban areas, generating energy through the use of photovoltaic technologies, both for the sale of surplus energy and for self-consumption in which its proximity to the place where the electric energy is implemented is used.
Los sistemas que actualmente existen en el mercado tienen varios problemas a la hora de incorporarse en construcciones, particularmente en fachadas verticales de edificaciones. En primer lugar, requieren de estructuras metálicas externas a la fachada para ser instalados, agregando no solo peso a ésta sino un proceso adicional para la instalación de los paneles y dejando a un lado la construcción tradicional de mampostería que se encuentra muy arraigada en algunas culturas. En segundo lugar, interfieren notablemente con la estética y diseño originalmente realizados por el arquitecto de la obra debido a la poca variedad en tamaño y forma de los paneles solares disponibles comercialmente. Adicionalmente, en muchos casos son sistemas que ocupan superficies extremadamente grandes, lo cual complica modularlos en las fachadas de las construcciones. The systems that currently exist in the market have several problems when it comes to building, particularly in vertical building facades. First, they require metal structures external to the facade to be installed, adding not only weight to it but an additional process for the installation of the panels and leaving aside the traditional masonry construction that is deeply rooted in some cultures . Second, they significantly interfere with the aesthetics and design originally made by the architect of the work due to the small variety in size and shape of commercially available solar panels. Additionally, in many cases they are systems that occupy extremely large surfaces, which complicates modulating them on the facades of buildings.
Un ejemplo de los sistemas actuales de instalación de paneles solares sobre superficies verticales de edificaciones es el documento US 7592537B1 , donde se divulga un sistema de montaje de módulos fotovoltaicos donde cada módulo funciona como una pieza independiente. Cada módulo cuenta con un marco que recibe la celda fotovoltaica y que permite ser instalado en cualquier estructura, a su vez dicho marco cuenta con un sistema de ajuste que permite ajustar un mismo modulo adyacentemente en cualquiera de sus paredes laterales. Su principal problema es que es absolutamente necesario agregar una estructura extra al muro de la edificación, agregando peso y cubriendo cualquier tipo de acabado estético que se tuviera en dicha fachada. Otro documento relevante es US 20140007528 A1 , el cual divulga un sistema compuesto por un marco que sostiene un panel solar, donde dicho marco permite ser instalado en la estructura del edificio, particularmente en los ladrillos. Acá también observamos como el sistema está pensado como un añadido a la estructura de la edificación. An example of current solar panel installation systems on vertical building surfaces is US 7592537B1, where a photovoltaic module assembly system is disclosed where each module functions as a separate part. Each module has a frame that receives the photovoltaic cell and allows it to be installed in any structure, in turn said frame has an adjustment system that allows you to adjust the same module adjacently on any of its side walls. Its main problem is that it is absolutely necessary to add an extra structure to the wall of the building, adding weight and covering any type of aesthetic finish that was found in said facade. Another relevant document is US 20140007528 A1, which discloses a system consisting of a frame that supports a solar panel, where said frame can be installed in the structure of the building, particularly in bricks. Here we also observe how the system is intended as an addition to the structure of the building.
Es evidente la necesidad de un sistema modular que pueda utilizarse como un insumo arquitectónico y que permita integrarse a la construcción tradicional de mampostería, cumpliendo con los requerimientos estructurales, energéticos y estéticos dictados por el arquitecto. Adicionalmente, que no requiera la instalación de estructuras adicionales en la fachada de las edificaciones y que permita diferentes configuraciones estéticas. The need for a modular system that can be used as an architectural input and that allows it to be integrated into the traditional masonry construction is evident, complying with the structural, energy and aesthetic requirements dictated by the architect. Additionally, that does not require the installation of additional structures on the facade of the buildings and that allows different aesthetic configurations.
3. Breve descripción de los gráficos 3. Brief description of the graphics
La FIG. 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una modalidad del elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción y sus componentes. La FIG. 2 muestra una vista en perspectiva frontal y posterior explosionada de una modalidad del elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción y sus componentes. FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a modality of the brick-type structural element for construction and its components. FIG. 2 shows an exploded front and rear perspective view of a modality of the brick-like structural element for construction and its components.
La FIG. 3 muestra una vista frontal y un corte de la tapa soporte y sus componentes.  FIG. 3 shows a front view and a cut of the support cover and its components.
La FIG. 4 muestra una vista de un ejemplo de estructura realizada con elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción.  FIG. 4 shows a view of an example of a structure made with brick structural elements for construction.
La FIG. 5 muestra un corte de la unión de tres elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción.  FIG. 5 shows a cut of the union of three structural brick-like structural elements for construction.
La FIG. 6 muestra una vista lateral de una modalidad del elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción. FIG. 6 shows a side view of one modality of the structural brick type structural element.
La FIG. 7 muestra una vista en perspectiva frontal de una modalidad del elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción y sus componentes.  FIG. 7 shows a front perspective view of a modality of the brick-type structural element for construction and its components.
La FIG. 8 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un componente en una modalidad del elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción. FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a component in one embodiment of the brick-like structural element for construction.
La FIG. 9 muestra una vista lateral de dos elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción.  FIG. 9 shows a side view of two structural brick-type structural elements.
La FIG. 10 muestra dos conjuntos de elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción alineados y trabados.  FIG. 10 shows two sets of brick-like structural elements for construction aligned and locked.
4. Breve descripción del invento 4. Brief description of the invention
La presente invención consiste en un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción, el cual cuenta en una de sus caras con elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos, siendo esta la cara del elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción que da hacia el exterior o fachada de la construcción donde es instalado. En una modalidad está pensado para la instalación de celdas fotovoltaicas en fachadas de construcciones y de esta manera recolectar energía solar y transformarla a energía eléctrica. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción se encuentra compuesto principalmente por una carcasa con su cara frontal abierta, donde esta cara abierta recibe una tapa soporte que contiene los elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción está pensado para formar estructuras con un patrón de tipo teselado, combinándose unos con otros o con bloques o ladrillos tradicionales, utilizando métodos de construcción, como la unión con mortero entre los elementos. La carcasa cuenta con agujeros de conexión en sus caras laterales, los cuales permiten que al momento de generar una estructura con múltiples elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción, estos puedan conectarse en serie o en paralelo, permitiendo que la estructura generada funcione como un sistema eléctrico unificado. Adicionalmente, dichos agujeros de conexión permiten el paso de cables o de elementos estructurales entre un elemento y otro. The present invention consists of a brick-like structural element for construction, which has on one of its faces electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, this being the face of the brick-like structural element for construction that faces the exterior or facade of the construction where it is installed. In one mode it is designed for the installation of photovoltaic cells on building facades and thus collect solar energy and transform it into electrical energy. The brick-type structural element for construction is mainly composed of a housing with its open front face, where this open face receives a support cover that contains the electrical, optical elements, electronic, electromechanical or a combination of these. The structural brick-type structural element is designed to form structures with a tessellated pattern, combining with each other or with traditional blocks or bricks, using construction methods, such as mortar bonding between the elements. The housing has connection holes in its lateral faces, which allow that when generating a structure with multiple structural brick-like structural elements, these can be connected in series or in parallel, allowing the generated structure to function as an electrical system unified. Additionally, said connection holes allow the passage of cables or structural elements between one element and another.
Finalmente, la tapa soporte que contiene los elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos, esta ensamblada a la carcasa por medio de un sistema mecánico que permite que esta sea retirada en el momento en que se necesite remplazaría o manipular cualquier elemento interno del sistema. Finally, the support cover that contains the electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, is assembled to the housing by means of a mechanical system that allows it to be removed at the moment when it would be necessary to replace or manipulate any internal element of the system.
5. Descripción detallada de la invención La configuración del presente invento se describirá utilizando las Figuras 1 a 5, pero debe entenderse que ésta puede tener variaciones que no son presentadas aquí, pues la presente descripción está limitada a describir la modalidad preferida. La presente invención consiste en un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) que permite la fijación de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de éstos a la fachada de una edificación usando métodos de construcción tradicionales. 5. Detailed Description of the Invention The configuration of the present invention will be described using Figures 1 to 5, but it should be understood that it may have variations that are not presented here, as the present description is limited to describing the preferred embodiment. The present invention consists of a structural brick-like structural element (1) that allows the fixing of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these to the facade of a building using traditional construction methods.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1 , el elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) comprende: Una carcasa (2) con dimensiones y propiedades similares a las de un ladrillo tradicional, en cuanto queda integrado al muro y se fija con mortero, lo que la hace compatible con ladrillos o bloques de construcción tradicionales (15), tanto en su procedimiento de instalación como en sus propiedades mecánicas y térmicas. En una modalidad de la invención, dicha carcasa (2) se encuentra abierta en su cara frontal. Referring to FIG. 1, the brick-like structural element for construction (1) comprises: A housing (2) with dimensions and properties similar to those of a traditional brick, as soon as it is integrated into the wall and fixed with mortar, which makes it compatible with traditional bricks or building blocks (15), both in its procedure of installation as in its mechanical and thermal properties. In one embodiment of the invention, said housing (2) is open on its front face.
Cuenta con un agujero de conexión (3) en una de las caras de la carcasa para permitir el paso de cables entre los elementos y así realizar conexiones entre los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillos para construcción (1 ). Este agujero de conexión (3) permitirá que se realicen conexiones en serie o paralelo de los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillos para construcción (1 ) dependiendo de la potencia eléctrica y voltaje que se necesite suministrar. Una tapa de soporte (4) que se ensambla una vez la carcasa (2) se encuentre instalada. Ésta soporta un elemento seleccionado del grupo que consiste de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos (7). Esta tapa de soporte (4) se diseñará según el elemento que se vaya a instalar, en el caso de las celdas fotovoltaicas, éstas se encuentran embebidas en la tapa de soporte (4). It has a connection hole (3) in one of the faces of the housing to allow the passage of cables between the elements and thus make connections between the structural elements type bricks for construction (1). This connection hole (3) will allow series or parallel connections to be made of the structural brick-like structural elements (1) depending on the electrical power and voltage that needs to be supplied. A support cover (4) that is assembled once the housing (2) is installed. This supports an element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these (7). This support cover (4) will be designed according to the element to be installed, in the case of photovoltaic cells, these are embedded in the support cover (4).
Como se ilustra en la FIG. 2, la tapa soporte (4) cuenta con unos elementos de sujeción (5) que la ensamblan mecánicamente a la carcasa (2) mediante unos elementos de retención (6) que se encuentran en la carcasa (2) y reciben dichos elementos de sujeción (5), de tal manera que la tapa soporte (4) queda cubriendo la cara frontal abierta de la carcasa (2). En una modalidad de la invención, dicho ensamble mecánico entre la tapa soporte (4) y la carcasa (2), realizado mediante los elementos de sujeción (5) y los elementos de retención (6) es un sistema de unión tipo snap-fit o presilla. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the support cover (4) has fasteners (5) that mechanically assemble it to the housing (2) by means of retention elements (6) that are in the housing (2) and receive said fasteners (5), such that the support cover (4) is covering the open front face of the housing (2). In one embodiment of the invention, said mechanical assembly between the support cover (4) and the housing (2), made by means of the fasteners (5) and the retention elements (6) is a snap-fit type joining system. or clip.
Adicionalmente, la tapa soporte (4) cuenta con un elemento de conexión eléctrica (8), el cual permite la conexión entre los elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de éstos (7) que se encuentran en la tapa de soporte (4) y los cables que se encuentran al interior de la carcasa (2). En una modalidad de la invención, dicho elemento de conexión eléctrica (8) está compuesto por un elemento de recepción (9) ubicado en la carcasa (2), el cual está conectado a los cables internos de la carcasa (2) y recibe un conector (10) ubicado en la tapa soporte (4) y conectado a los elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de éstos (7). En una modalidad, el material del elemento de recepción (9) y del conector (10) es conductor, lo que permite que una vez conectados los cables internos de la carcasa (2) al elemento de recepción (9) y éste al conector (10) ubicado en la tapa soporte (4), todo quede interconectado entre sí y el sistema funcione como un conjunto en el momento que varios ladrillos se conecten entre si bien sea en paralelo, en serie o una combinación serie-paralelo. Additionally, the support cover (4) has an electrical connection element (8), which allows the connection between the electrical, optical elements, electronic, electromechanical or a combination of these (7) found in the support cover (4) and the cables inside the housing (2). In one embodiment of the invention, said electrical connection element (8) is composed of a receiving element (9) located in the housing (2), which is connected to the internal cables of the housing (2) and receives a connector (10) located in the support cover (4) and connected to the electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these (7). In one embodiment, the material of the receiving element (9) and the connector (10) is conductive, which allows once the internal cables of the housing (2) are connected to the receiving element (9) and this to the connector ( 10) located in the support cover (4), everything is interconnected with each other and the system works as a set when several bricks are connected to each other either in parallel, in series or in a series-parallel combination.
Por otro lado, la tapa soporte (4) cuenta con un empaque de caucho (14), ya que el ensamble debe ser preciso y hermético, pues la cara frontal de la carcasa (2) que es la que recibe a la tapa de soporte (4), es instalada hacia el exterior de la fachada, ya que los módulos fotovoltaicos deben estar expuestos a la intemperie para captar la radiación solar y si el ensamble no queda hermético, esto puede causar problemas con el sistema eléctrico al estar sometido a la inclemencia del ambiente. Adicionalmente, la tapa soporte (4) puede contar con un ángulo de inclinación de 0e a 60e con respecto a una línea vertical imaginaria (20) que es perpendicular a la cara inferior de la carcasa (2), como se ilustra en la FIG. 6. On the other hand, the support cover (4) has a rubber gasket (14), since the assembly must be precise and hermetic, since the front face of the housing (2) which is the one that receives the support cover (4), it is installed outside the facade, since the photovoltaic modules must be exposed to the weather to capture solar radiation and if the assembly is not hermetic, this can cause problems with the electrical system when subjected to the inclement environment. Additionally, the support cover (4) can have an inclination angle of 0 e to 60 e with respect to an imaginary vertical line (20) that is perpendicular to the lower face of the housing (2), as illustrated in the FIG. 6.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 3, la instalación en la tapa soporte (4) del elemento seleccionado del grupo que consiste de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos (7), que en una modalidad de la invención es una celda fotovoltaica, donde dicha instalación se realiza conectando dos celdas fotovoltaicas en serie y se realiza el encapsulado del panel solar sobre la tapa de soporte (4) de la siguiente manera: sobre la tapa de soporte (4) se sitúa una hoja de material aislante (1 1 ) para proteger la celda fotovoltaica y darle aplicaciones estéticas, por ejemplo el color puede cambiar, luego se ponen las celdas fotovoltaicas conectadas, se cubren con una resina (12) opcionalmente y se protegen con una tapa frontal (13) para darles una mayor resistencia mecánica. Referring to FIG. 3, the installation in the support cover (4) of the element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination of these (7), which in one embodiment of the invention is a photovoltaic cell, wherein said installation is done by connecting two photovoltaic cells in series and encapsulating the solar panel on the support cover (4) of the following way: on the support cover (4) a sheet of insulating material (1 1) is placed to protect the photovoltaic cell and give it aesthetic applications, for example the color can change, then the connected photovoltaic cells are placed, they are covered with a resin (12) optionally and are protected with a front cover (13) to give them greater mechanical strength.
Los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) permiten vincularse entre sí facilitando las conexiones eléctricas entre ellos, principalmente generando arreglos de elementos que contienen módulos fotovoltaicos para la captación de radiación solar. Teniendo en cuenta que el elemento seleccionado del grupo que consiste de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos, sea una celda fotovoltaica. La forma de la carcasa (2) coincide con la forma de los demás ladrillos o bloques de construcción tradicionales (15) a los que se integrará en la fachada según el diseño del arquitecto. En una modalidad de la invención, el elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) tiene forma de paralelepípedo recto, al igual que la mayoría de bloques de construcción tradicionales (15). Como se ilustra en la FIG. 4, los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) deben ubicarse contiguos entre sí, por lo que la forma debe permitir que encajen unos con otros y con los bloques de construcción tradicionales (15). The structural brick-like structural elements (1) make it possible to connect with each other, facilitating the electrical connections between them, mainly by generating arrangements of elements that contain photovoltaic modules for the capture of solar radiation. Taking into account that the element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, is a photovoltaic cell. The shape of the housing (2) coincides with the shape of the other traditional bricks or building blocks (15) that will be integrated into the facade according to the architect's design. In one embodiment of the invention, the brick-type structural element for construction (1) is in the form of a straight parallelepiped, as are most traditional building blocks (15). As illustrated in FIG. 4, the brick-like structural elements for construction (1) must be located adjacent to each other, so the shape must allow them to fit together and with the traditional building blocks (15).
El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) debe instalarse con una tapa inicial (16), cubriendo la cara abierta de la carcasa (2), que resista las condiciones ambientales y el manejo que se le da durante la construcción, además dicha tapa inicial (16) evita que entren en la carcasa (2) elementos de la construcción como es la mésela de mortero. Esta tapa inicial (16) debe removerse de la carcasa (2) para permitir la conexión entre los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo de construcción (1 ) por medio de cables y así dar la configuración eléctrica deseada y luego la cara frontal abierta de la carcasa (2) será cubierta por la tapa de soporte (4). En una modalidad de la invención, como se ilustra en la FIG. 5, la carcasa (2) cuenta con dos agujeros de conexión (3) ubicados en su cara superior y dos agujeros de conexión (3) ubicados en su cara inferior, dichos agujeros de conexión (3) se encuentran alineados en pares. Dichos agujeros de conexión (3) coinciden entre los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) utilizados en dicha estructura con un patrón de tipo teselado, de forma que uno de los agujeros de conexión (3) por ejemplo el del lado derecho ubicado en la cara superior, coincide con el agujero de conexión (3) izquierdo de la cara inferior de otro elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción y con el agujero de conexión (3) derecho de la cara inferior de otro elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ). Así se obtendría un entramado de tres elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ), que al quedar de forma contigua permiten pasar cables entre ellos. La coincidencia de los agujeros de conexión (3) entre los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) permite el paso de otros elementos estructurales como barras de acero o componentes necesarios para la construcción, como tubería para las conexiones eléctricas de la edificación. The structural brick-type structural element (1) must be installed with an initial cover (16), covering the open face of the housing (2), which resists environmental conditions and the handling that is given during construction, in addition to said cover initial (16) prevents the construction (2) of the construction elements such as mortar pits. This initial cover (16) must be removed from the housing (2) to allow the connection between the structural brick-like structural elements (1) by means of cables and thus give the desired electrical configuration and then the open front face of the housing ( 2) will be covered by the support cover (4). In one embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the housing (2) has two connection holes (3) located on its upper face and two connection holes (3) located on its lower face, said connection holes (3) are aligned in pairs. Said connection holes (3) coincide between the brick-like structural elements for construction (1) used in said structure with a tessellated type pattern, so that one of the connection holes (3) for example the one on the right side located at the upper face coincides with the left connection hole (3) of the lower face of another structural brick-like structural element and with the right connection hole (3) of the lower face of another structural brick-like structural element (1 ). Thus, a framework of three structural brick-type structural elements (1) would be obtained, which, being contiguously, allow cables to pass between them. The coincidence of the connection holes (3) between the brick-like structural elements for construction (1) allows the passage of other structural elements such as steel bars or components necessary for construction, such as pipes for the electrical connections of the building.
En una modalidad de la invención, la carcasa cuenta con un agujero de conexión (3) ubicado en la cara lateral derecha y un agujero de conexión (3) ubicado en la cara lateral izquierda, donde estos se encuentran alineados horizontalmente, permitiendo la comunicación entre un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) y otro, esta coincidencia de los agujeros de conexión (3) entre los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) permite el paso de otros elementos estructurales como barras de acero o componentes necesarios para la construcción, como tubería para las conexiones eléctricas de la edificación. In one embodiment of the invention, the housing has a connection hole (3) located on the right side face and a connection hole (3) located on the left side face, where these are aligned horizontally, allowing communication between a structural brick type construction element (1) and another, this coincidence of the connection holes (3) between the brick structural elements for construction (1) allows the passage of other structural elements such as steel bars or components necessary for the construction, as a pipe for the electrical connections of the building.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2, podemos apreciar cómo la carcasa (2) cuenta con nervios estructurales (17) en su interior para la presente invención se entenderá por nervios estructurales unas paredes internas de material que permiten aumentar la resistencia estructural de las paredes externas de la carcasa (2). En una modalidad, los nervios estructurales (17) son paralelos a las caras laterales y unen la cara superior de la carcasa (2) con la cara inferior de la carcasa (2), aumentando su resistencia estructural, pero ubicados de tal manera que no obstruyan los agujeros de conexión (3) y permitan pasar cables entre sí. Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 10, en una modalidad de la invención los nervios estructurales (17) están ubicados de tal manera que en configuraciones de ladrillos trabados o alineados, dichos nervios estructurales (17) coinciden verticalmente con los nervios estructurales del ladrillo inmediatamente superior e inferior. De esta manera cargas estructurales verticales son conducidas mejor. De igual manera dicho atributo facilita el proceso de instalación, ya que actúa como referencia de alineamiento de una fila con respecto a la otra. Referring to FIG. 2, we can appreciate how the carcass (2) has structural ribs (17) in its interior for the present invention it will be understood by structural ribs internal walls of material that allow to increase the structural resistance of the external walls of the carcass (2) . In one embodiment, the structural nerves (17) are parallel to the lateral faces and join the upper face of the housing (2) with the lower face of the housing (2), increasing its structural strength, but located in such a way that they do not obstruct the connection holes (3) and allow cables to pass between yes. Referring to FIG. 10, in one embodiment of the invention the structural ribs (17) are located in such a way that in configurations of locked or aligned bricks, said structural ribs (17) coincide vertically with the structural ribs of the immediately superior and inferior brick. In this way vertical structural loads are better conducted. In the same way, this attribute facilitates the installation process, since it acts as an alignment reference of one row with respect to the other.
Por ejemplo la resistencia a la compresión unitaria del elemento estructural tipo ladrillo fue superior a los 120kN, en un ensayo realizado en una prensa hidráulica siguiendo el procedimiento NTC 4017 mediante el cual se fallaron 5 ladrillos con pesos de 6007gr, 5697gr, 5844gr, 5832gr y 5897gr que respectivamente resistieron a una carga de compresión de 247.4kN, 155.3kN, 146.1 kN, 130.9kN y 186.2kN. For example, the unit compressive strength of the brick-like structural element was greater than 120kN, in a test carried out in a hydraulic press following the NTC 4017 procedure whereby 5 bricks with weights of 6007gr, 5697gr, 5844gr, 5832gr and 5897gr that respectively resisted a compression load of 247.4kN, 155.3kN, 146.1 kN, 130.9kN and 186.2kN.
Por otro lado, la carcasa (2) cuenta con unas superficies estriadas (18) en sus caras externas. Dichas superficies estriadas permiten la adherencia del mortero al elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ). Las caras de la carcasa (2) que deben ir estriadas serán aquellas que entran en contacto con el mortero, en una modalidad de la invención las caras laterales, la superior y la inferior deben contar con dichas superficies estriadas (18), en una modalidad de la invención, la cara posterior de la carcasa (2) será la que contara con dicha superficie estriada (18) en caso que elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) se utilice como un recubrimiento de fachadas tipo enchape. Estas superficies estriadas (18) se realizan en dirección horizontal en la cara superior e inferior de la carcasa (2) y se realizan en dirección vertical en las caras laterales de la carcasa (2), generando de esta manera una mayor resistencia mecánica en la estructura. En el caso de la modalidad no ilustrada donde se realizan dichas superficies estriadas (18) en la cara posterior de la carcasa (2) se realizaran en una dirección horizontal para mejorar la resistencia del agarre a la superficie que se está recubriendo. On the other hand, the housing (2) has striated surfaces (18) on its external faces. Said striated surfaces allow the mortar to adhere to the brick-like structural element for construction (1). The faces of the housing (2) that must be striated will be those that come into contact with the mortar, in one embodiment of the invention the lateral, upper and lower faces must have said striated surfaces (18), in one embodiment. of the invention, the rear face of the housing (2) will be the one with said grooved surface (18) in the event that a brick-like structural element for construction (1) is used as a veneer-like facade cladding. These striated surfaces (18) are made in the horizontal direction on the upper and lower face of the housing (2) and are carried out in the vertical direction on the lateral faces of the housing (2), thus generating a greater mechanical resistance in the structure. In the case of the non-illustrated mode where said grooved surfaces (18) are made on the rear face of the housing (2) they will be carried out in a horizontal direction to improve the resistance of the grip to the surface being coated.
Adicionalmente, en una modalidad de la invención, la carcasa (2) cuenta con un agujero de conexión (3) ubicado en su cara posterior. Este agujero inicialmente se encuentra tapado y solo se usará en caso de necesitar pasar cables desde el interior de la carcasa (2) hacia el interior de la edificación, por ejemplo para conectar el elemento que consumirá la energía generada por los módulos fotovoltaicos. Additionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the housing (2) has a connection hole (3) located in its rear face. This hole is initially covered and will only be used if cables need to be passed from inside the housing (2) into the building, for example to connect the element that will consume the energy generated by the photovoltaic modules.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 5, observamos que la carcasa (2) cuenta con dos anillos (19) que sobresalen de la cara superior y cada uno rodea un agujero de conexión (3) ubicados en la cara superior. De esta forma al realizar el entramado entre los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) y ubicar uno sobre otro, dichos anillos (19) que se encuentran en la cara superior de un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) entran en los agujeros de conexión (3) que se encuentran en la cara inferior del otro elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ), esto crea un túnel o ducto entre los dos elementos permitiendo la conexión entre éstos y evitando que el mortero se introduzca dentro de la carcasa (2). Referring to FIG. 5, we observe that the housing (2) has two rings (19) that protrude from the upper face and each one surrounds a connection hole (3) located in the upper face. In this way, when making the framework between the brick-like structural elements for construction (1) and placing one on top of the other, said rings (19) that are located on the upper face of a brick-like structural element for construction (1) enter the connection holes (3) that are located on the underside of the other structural brick-like structural element (1), this creates a tunnel or duct between the two elements allowing the connection between them and preventing the mortar from entering into the housing (2).
De igual manera, la carcasa (2) cuenta con un anillo (19) que sobresale de la cara lateral derecha y rodea el agujero de conexión (3) ubicado en la cara lateral derecha. Este anillo (19) se ubicará solo en una de las caras, ya sea la lateral derecha o la lateral izquierda, de modo que al alinearse los elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) el anillo (19) de la cara derecha de un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) quedará a ras con el agujero de conexión (3) de la cara izquierda del elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) adyacente a este. El anillo (19) funciona como un túnel entre un elemento y otro puesto que queda embebido dentro del mortero, permitiendo el paso de cables para la conexión entre un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) y otro, el anillo (19) sirve como guía para conservar una misma distancia entre las caras laterales de los diferentes elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción (1 ) adyacentes uno con otro, y también evita que el mortero se introduzca dentro de la carcasa (2). Similarly, the housing (2) has a ring (19) that protrudes from the right side face and surrounds the connection hole (3) located on the right side face. This ring (19) will be located only on one of the faces, either the right side or the left side, so that when the structural brick-like structural elements (1) are aligned, the ring (19) on the right side of a brick-like structural element for construction (1) will be flush with the connection hole (3) on the left side of the brick-like structural element for construction (1) adjacent to it. The ring (19) functions as a tunnel between one element and another since it is embedded within the mortar, allowing the passage of cables for the connection between a brick-type structural element for construction (1) and another, the ring (19) serves as a guide to preserve the same distance between the lateral faces of the different brick-type structural elements for construction (1 ) adjacent to each other, and also prevents the mortar from entering the housing (2).
En una modalidad ilustrada en la FIG. 7, se puede observar como la hoja de material aislante (1 1 ) que protege la celda fotovoltaica, esta fabricada en un material aislante, que aisla la parte eléctrica y protege los componentes eléctricos de cualquier tipo de humedad. En una modalidad preferida el material aislante es caucho. Adicionalmente, en esta misma modalidad de la invención la tapa frontal (13) se encuentra fabricada en Policarbonato, material que puede ser completamente transparente, liso y al ser moldeado con formas específicas por medio de un proceso de inyección permite refractar la luz. In an embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, it can be seen how the sheet of insulating material (1 1) that protects the photovoltaic cell, is made of an insulating material, which insulates the electrical part and protects the electrical components from any type of moisture. In a preferred embodiment the insulating material is rubber. Additionally, in this same embodiment of the invention the front cover (13) is made of Polycarbonate, material that can be completely transparent, smooth and when molded with specific shapes by means of an injection process allows to refract light.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 8, se puede observar como la tapa frontal (13) inyectada en policarbonato, cuenta con unos perfiles en relieve (21 ) diseñados para optimizar la luz solar recibida gracias a su forma de prisma y aprovechando las propiedades refractivas del material. Por otro lado, la tapa frontal (13) cuenta con un canal central (22) y unas inclinaciones inferiores (23) que forman una caída a dos aguas encargada de dirigir el flujo de cualquier líquido que haya podido caer sobre la superficie externa del ladrillo, incluyendo el agua lluvia, y de esta manera no permitir la acumulación de agua sobre el elemento estructural tipo ladrillo. Referring to FIG. 8, it can be seen how the front cover (13) injected in polycarbonate, has relief profiles (21) designed to optimize the sunlight received thanks to its prism shape and taking advantage of the refractive properties of the material. On the other hand, the front cover (13) has a central channel (22) and lower inclinations (23) that form a fall to two waters responsible for directing the flow of any liquid that may have fallen on the external surface of the brick , including rainwater, and thus not allowing the accumulation of water on the brick-like structural element.
Finalmente en una modalidad de la invención, ilustrada en la FIG. 9, como medida adicional para proteger el elemento estructural tipo ladrillo del agua lluvia o de cualquier otro líquido, la tapa frontal (13) cuenta con una inclinación de 1 o a 25° con respecto a la línea vertical imaginaria (20), para garantizar la fluidez de cualquier líquido que caiga sobre este. Adicionalmente, la tapa frontal (13) cuenta con una pestaña superior (24) y una pestaña inferior (25), para ubicar un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo sobre otro, la pestaña superior (24) del que está ubicado abajo se traslapa con la pestaña inferior (25) del que está ubicado arriba, impidiendo la entrada de cualquier liquido o elemento extraño. Finally, in one embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIG. 9, as an additional measure to protect the brick-like structural element from rainwater or any other liquid, the front cover (13) has an inclination of 1 or 25 ° with respect to the imaginary vertical line (20), to ensure the fluidity of any liquid that falls on it. Additionally, the front cover (13) has an upper flange (24) and a lower flange (25), to place a brick-like structural element on another, the upper flange (24) from the one located below it overlaps with the lower tab (25) of the one located above, preventing the entry of any liquid or foreign element.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . Un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción, que comprende: a. una carcasa que contiene un agujero de conexión en una de las caras de la carcasa; one . A structural brick type building element, comprising: a. a housing containing a connection hole in one of the faces of the housing;
b. una tapa de soporte;  b. a support cover;
c. un elemento de sujeción unido operacionalmente a la tapa de soporte;  C. a fastener operatively attached to the support cover;
d. un elemento de retención ubicado en la carcasa que recibe al elemento de sujeción ensamblando la tapa de soporte a la carcasa;  d. a retaining element located in the housing that receives the clamping element by assembling the support cover to the housing;
e. un elemento seleccionado del grupo que consiste de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos, ubicado en la tapa de soporte; y donde dicho elemento seleccionado del grupo que consiste de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos, se conecta operacionalmente a la carcasa por medio de un elemento de conexión eléctrica ubicado en la tapa de soporte.  and. an element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, located in the support cover; and wherein said element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, is operationally connected to the housing by means of an electrical connection element located in the support cover.
2. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el elemento seleccionado del grupo que consiste de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos y una combinación de estos, es una celda fotovoltaica. 2. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 1, characterized in that the element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements and a combination thereof, is a photovoltaic cell.
3. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que la carcasa cuenta con una forma geométrica que permite modular dos o más elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción en una estructura con un patrón de tipo teselado.  3. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 1, characterized in that the housing has a geometric shape that allows two or more brick-type structural elements to be modulated in a structure with a tessellated-type pattern.
4. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que la carcasa tiene forma de paralelepípedo rectangular.  4. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 1, characterized in that the housing is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped.
5. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa está abierta en su cara frontal. 5. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing is open on its front face.
6. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa recibe en su cara frontal la tapa de soporte. 6. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing receives the support cover on its front face.
7. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la tapa de soporte queda instalada con un Angulo de inclinación de 0e a 60e. 7. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the support cover is installed with an inclination angle of 0 e to 60 e .
8. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa cuenta con nervios estructurales en sus caras internas y donde dichos nervios estructurales se alinean al instalar un elemento estructural tipo ladrillos para construcción sobre otro, bien sea de manera alineada o trabados.  8. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing has structural ribs on its internal faces and where said structural ribs are aligned when installing a brick-type structural element for construction on another, either in a manner aligned or locked.
9. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa cuenta con una superficie estriada en sus caras externas.  9. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing has a grooved surface on its outer faces.
10. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa cuenta con dos agujeros de conexión ubicados en su cara superior y dos agujeros de conexión en su cara inferior, donde estos se encuentran alineados en pares. 10. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing has two connection holes located on its upper face and two connection holes on its lower face, where these are aligned in pairs.
1 1 . El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa cuenta con un agujero de conexión en su cara lateral derecha y un agujero de conexión en su cara lateral izquierda, donde estos se encuentran alineados uno con otro.  eleven . The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing has a connection hole in its right side face and a connection hole in its left side face, where these are aligned with each other.
12. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa cuenta con un agujero de conexión ubicado en su cara posterior.  12. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing has a connection hole located in its rear face.
13. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa cuenta con un anillo que sobresale de la cara lateral derecha o izquierda y rodea el agujero de conexión ubicado en la cara lateral derecha o izquierda.  13. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing has a ring protruding from the right or left side face and surrounds the connection hole located on the right or left side face.
14. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la carcasa cuenta con dos anillos que sobresalen de la cara superior o inferior y donde cada uno rodea uno de los agujeros de conexión ubicados en la cara superior o inferior. 14. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 4, characterized in that the housing has two rings protruding from the upper or lower face and where each one surrounds one of the connection holes located in the upper or lower face.
15. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el elemento de retención ubicado en la carcasa y el elemento de sujeción ubicado en la tapa de soporte conforman un sistema snap fit para unir operacionalmente la carcasa con la tapa de soporte.15. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 1, characterized in that the retaining element located in the housing and the clamping element located in the support cover form a snap fit system to operationally connect the housing with the support cover.
16. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 3, caracterizado por que la estructura con un patrón de tipo teselado formada por dos o más elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción permite la alineación de los agujeros de conexión entre los dos o más elementos estructurales tipo ladrillo para construcción tanto en la dirección horizontal como en la dirección vertical. 16. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 3, characterized in that the structure with a tessellated-type pattern formed by two or more brick-type structural elements for construction allows the alignment of the connection holes between the two or more elements structural type brick for construction both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction.
17. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que la tapa de soporte cuenta con una tapa frontal que cubre el elemento seleccionado del grupo que consiste de elementos eléctricos, ópticos, electrónicos, electromecánicos o una combinación de estos, ubicado en la tapa de soporte.  17. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 1, characterized in that the support cover has a front cover that covers the element selected from the group consisting of electrical, optical, electronic, electromechanical elements or a combination thereof, located on the support cover.
18. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 17, caracterizado por que la tapa frontal cuenta con perfiles en relieve con forma de prisma.  18. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 17, characterized in that the front cover has prism-shaped embossed profiles.
19. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 17, caracterizado por que la tapa frontal cuenta con un canal central y unas inclinaciones inferiores que forman una caída a dos aguas.  19. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 17, characterized in that the front cover has a central channel and lower slopes that form a fall to two waters.
20. El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 17, caracterizado por que la tapa frontal se encuentra fabricada en policarbonato. 20. The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 17, characterized in that the front cover is made of polycarbonate.
21 . El elemento estructural tipo ladrillo para construcción de la Reivindicación 17, caracterizado por que la tapa frontal cuenta con una pestaña superior y una pestaña inferior, que al ubicar un elemento estructural tipo ladrillo sobre otro, la pestaña superior del que está ubicado abajo se traslapa con la pestaña inferior del que está ubicado arriba. twenty-one . The brick-like structural element for construction of Claim 17, characterized in that the front cover has an upper flange and a lower flange, which when placing a brick-like structural element on another, the upper flange of the one located below overlaps with the bottom tab of the one located above.
PCT/IB2015/058687 2014-11-10 2015-11-10 Brick-type structural element for securing electrical, optical, electronic and electromechanical elements WO2016075626A1 (en)

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CO14-248214 2014-11-10

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